Elberfeld

Elberfeld was up to its association with four other cities to today's Wuppertal on August 1, 1929 bergische city in the eastern Rhineland. Today, Elberfeld extends as a district of Wuppertal on the urban districts Elberfeld Elberfeld- West and Uellendahl Katernberg. Since 1975, belonging to the district some integrations from the former city Neviges.

  • 2.1 Mayors
  • 2.2 freeman
  • 2.3 Sons and daughters of the town
  • 2.4 Other personalities of the city

History

Etymology

Sage of the local establishment

According to legend, Elberfeld is incurred, as where now Elberfeld, is just forest was. Nearby there lived a knight, the faithful servant accompanied on all trains. Once the two were drawn to hunt across the Rhine. Suddenly she saw behind him a body of cavalry heranpreschen, with the intention to wipe them out. The knight and his servant turned to flee, because a fight with the enemy they could not venture in the face of overwhelming power. Their horses were in rapid gallop, but the enemies behind them moved nearer. Horrified, the knight turned back again and again, and terror seized him; escape seemed impossible. The knight already wanted to give up and put yourself in a last-ditch fight to the enemy, as the servant called out to him: "Lord, do not be afraid! I know near a ford across the Rhine. I carry you safely over " And so it happened: During the knight and his servant on firm ground the Rhine crossed, the pursuers were driven off by the strong current and had to sit idly by as the two hunted reached the other shore. Some time later ill the wife of the knight. So many doctors are also attracted to rate, nobody could help the woman. Finally, there was a healer, who told the knight: "Our remedies is nothing more align. But if anyone could find that would bring fresh milk of a lioness of the sick, then they could recover. " No sooner had the faithful servant heard these words, he hurried away. After an hour he was on the spot again and brought lion's milk in a vessel.

The knights woman drank it and was to the delight of her husband and the entire servants healthy again. All, however, who asked the servant, where he had procured for the lion's milk, since it but here is no more lions in the country, received only evasive answers. This the knights now made ​​suspicious. Although his servant he had always faithfully served, he was afraid of his supernatural powers. He liked him no longer tolerate in the home. In the servant was very sad, and he asked his Lord earnestly not to send him away. But this process was in his act. In parting he asked as a reward for his many years of service five dollars. From this money he bought a small bell, which he had on the most beautiful place to hang in the forest. Soon did the Knight's sorry that he had his servant let them go, because he never served anyone so loyal.

Whenever he mounted his horse to go to war or to go hunting, he always thought of the good servant. This, however, never returned. Over time, then the knight came to the realization that he must have been a good spirit or Elbe. Whenever he heard the faint ringing of the bell in the forest, he thought with sadness at the lost servant, and it was not long, as was the location of the forest, on which hung the bell, " same field " and later " Elberfeld ". Throughout the country are told from this wondrous place. And if curious wanderer then came to the same field, the bell is heard and the beautiful meadow valley saw the rushing river, then many of them did not like to leave the place. They built their huts, and so, on the same field a small village and later a city that was named Elberfeld.

Actual name origin

The name " Elberfeld " is derived from " Elve ", an Old Saxon - Low German word for "river" ( cf. Nordic " Elv " or " älv " ), so that the name means " area on the river".

Middle Ages

From the 7th century the relatively late and sparse population of the predominantly forested Wupper space by ancient Germanic tribes took place (possibly Borchter, a former Frankish tribe that was under Saxon influence, or Westphalia). The region has long been a border area between the Frankish Empire and the influence area of ​​Saxony, which prevented larger settlement structures in comparison to the Rhine plain inhospitable agricultural conditions in addition to the. With the Frankish conquest in the 9th century, the sparse, which is under Saxon influence population were assimilated.

Charlemagne had invest in sequence to secure the Wupper region Franconian manor houses, among other things, probably Elberfeld. The acting in the Corvey historian Widukind reported towards the end of the 10th century by the first gentlemen of Fliehburg Elberfeld. This Fliehburg was from 955 in the possession of the Archbishop of Cologne and was probably used as a supply station on the highway to Soest. The Chronicles of Widukind speak of a Saxon castle Mr. Droste Brüning, vassal of King Conrad I. After his death claimed according to Widukind Eberhard of Franconia the castle. Despite siege, he could not enforce his claims.

Around 1000 the first church was built in Elberfeld, a predecessor of the Old Reformed Church. It was dedicated to St. Lawrence of Rome and is probably one of the triumph and thanksgiving churches that were built after the victory of Otto I over the Hungarians at the Battle of Lechfeld. The first written mention of the actual church of St. Lawrence it was carried 1371st

1161 a Schulte ( Villicus ) from Tafelhof Elverfeldt was first mentioned. The Archbishop of Cologne, Philip I of Heinberg, pledged in 1176 Elberfeld to Count Engelbert of mountain because he needed money for the crusade of Emperor Barbarossa.

1397 tried Wilhelm II von Berg claims to his nephew Adolf of Cleves and Dietrich II of the Mark to claim it. He defeated his nephew in the battle of Klever Hamm and was captured. In order to raise the enormous sum of 3,000 gold shields the release, he pledged in the sequence to 1399 a large part of his property to the winners, including the castle Elberfeld. The three sons of William II of Berg, Adolf, Gerhard and William, were found with the loss from not occupied his father's castle in Dusseldorf, temporarily deposed her father and began a military confrontation with their cousins ​​Brandenburg. The ensuing struggles were the culmination of Berg and the Mark feud being.

After the death of Dietrich II of the Mark probably during the siege of the castle Elberfeld the county mark fell to Adolf of Cleves. At this time, Eberhard of Limburg ( husband of John's sister Anna Sobbe and henchman Adolf VII of Jülich- Berg) the lord of the castle Elberfeld. The Bergische began to prevail, were probably already back in 1399 shortly after their possession.

1408 Adolf followed his father after his death on the Duke 's seat. He fell in 1424 to the Duchy of Jülich and he combined it with the Duchy of Berg for United Duchy of Jülich -Berg. With fresh funds he bought the castle in 1427 Elberfeld, which now remained, together with the parish Elberfeld constant bergischer possession. The parish was then appointed to a bergischen office.

Town foundation

Elberfeld was from 1444 called "Freedom " (1530 as a city ) and had thus a municipal council constitution. The city of privilege, however, was not granted until 1610 and expanded in 1623.

1527 received Elberfeld, Barmen the ducal privilege of Garnnahrung, the exclusive rights within the united duchies to bleach yarns and twisted yarns. The Garnnahrung formed the basis of the centuries most important branch of industry in Wuppertal, textile manufacturing and trading.

1536 burned down the Elberfeld castle and freedom. 1631 broke from the plague, in 1678 it burned again. On May 22, 1687 Another great fire destroyed 350 homes and the entire city center, only in 1707 the Town Hall for the approximately 3,000 citizens ( in 1700 ) the city was rebuilt.

When Erich Philipp Ploennies his Topographia Ducatus Montani wrote the Duchy of Berg in 1715, he put this firmly in the description of Elberfeld, that it " has been set completely in the ashes " in 1687 in the 1678 first half and and " nothing there From left remained " was. So also here the prompt and generous assistance of the sovereign for the rapid reconstruction of the city of Elberfeld and the production was decisive: "Because gemelten Misfortune, as namely, town ... very abgebrandt this, them is from the ... izo reigning Elector. Johann Wilhelm .. ought to be, a 20 -year frey de date of the unit made ​​damage, in which time they schazzung all and steüer frey, graciously been notified so far in city Baldt erhohlet this again and Vorizo ​​standt is in a good again. "

French rule

Following the acquisition of the Duchy of Berg by the French in 1806 Elberfeld receives the municipal constitution. The Office Elberfeld is dissolved and established the district Elberfeld Elberfeld and Canton.

Survey Oberbürgermeisterei

After the transition to Prussia in 1815, Elberfeld seat of the county, which was formed from the mayors Elberfeld and Barmen. To him, the villages of the district of Mettmann in 1820 affiliated. Elberfeld himself was appointed Oberbürgermeisterei.

Already existed in the early modern period an extensive proto- industrial production of yarns and textiles, which led in 1527 to a location-based ducal production privilege ( Garnnahrung ), so started from the end of the 18th century, rapid industrialization in the nearby Wupper cities Elberfeld and Barmen. Middle of the 19th century were Elberfeld and Barmen the most industrialized cities in Germany, which clearly set out in its economic importance later economic centers such as Cologne, Dusseldorf or the Ruhr area in the shade. The now thoroughly mechanized textile industry was followed by supportive industrial sectors such as the chemical industry, the first to the development of textile dyes devoted ( the main plant of Bayer AG is in Elberfeld ), mechanical engineering ( textile machinery ) and electrical engineering. In addition, Elberfeld developed into a strong trading center envelope that before all the local products ( Barmer products ) marketed worldwide. The growth of the economy was followed by a significant increase in the population, whose growth was before all of the immigrant workers. Between 1830 and 1885, the population quadrupled and Elberfeld grew as the neighboring Barmen, which took a similar development, a major city.

1841 the first steam-powered railway was opened in western Germany. It led from Dusseldorf to Elberfeld Steinbeck. The Revolution of 1848/1849 resulted in Elberfeld barricades and street fighting.

Due to the sudden industrialization occurred in the " German Manchester " as Elberfeld was on the British industrial city also referred to in terms, the social problems of pauperism first, but also aspirations of the social problem to solve with civil commitment, in Elberfeld originate. The 1853 introduced Elberfelder model for poor relief and social welfare was taken in Hamburg and other cities.

1854 founded the businessman Hermann Heinrich Grafe, along with five other men in Elberfeld, the first free evangelical community in the then German-speaking countries, which thus also the foundation for the later establishment of the Federation of Free Evangelical Churches in Germany put. In 1846 was by Johann Gregor Breuer of the first Catholic Journeymen's Association of Germany, which was conducted 1847-1849 by the famous priest Adolph Kolping founded in Elberfeld. This idea was a foundation for further associations throughout Germany.

Around 1885, the population of Elberfeld topped the 100,000 mark and became the big city.

Cities fusion the city of Wuppertal

By the Law on Local restructuring of the Rhenish-Westphalian industrial area from July 29, 1929 Elberfeld was first combined together with the towns of Barmen, Cronenberg, Ronsdorf and Vohwinkel to " Barmen- Elberfeld ." That same year, decided the city council of the newly established municipality to propose to the Prussian Ministry of State to rename the city " Wuppertal ". The proposal was accepted in January 1930.

Demographics

The following overview shows the numbers of inhabitants by the respective territorial status. By 1810, there are usually estimates, then to census results (¹) or official updates by the respective statistical offices or the city government itself, the data refer to 1871, "Spatial Present population " and in 1925 to the resident population. The population was calculated using non-uniform collection procedures Before 1871.

¹ census results

Coat of arms

The emblem is the lion of the Duchy of Berg and keeps a grill, the symbol of the patron saint Lawrence of Rome.

Personalities

Mayors

Freeman

  • Otto von Bismarck, Chancellor
  • Karl Emil Lischke, Mayor 1851-1872

Sons and daughters of the town

  • Richard Abé (1840-1919), steel moulder
  • Ewald Balser (1898-1978), actor
  • Walter Barthel (1880-1915), German historian and archaeologist Roman provincial
  • Charlotte Blensdorf (1901-1999), rhythmist
  • Greta Boesel (1908-1947), supervisor at Ravensbrück concentration camp
  • Arno Breker (1900-1991), sculptor and architect
  • Hugo Bremer (1869-1947), industrialist and inventor
  • Richard Brinkmann (1921-2002), German scholar, university professor
  • Robert Daum (1889-1962), politician ( SPD), member of the Reichstag
  • Robert Debes (1878-1962), Professor of Business Administration
  • Joachim village Müller ( * 1938 ), Professor of Musicology, organist, pianist
  • Eggerath Werner (1900-1977), writer and Prime Minister of Thuringia
  • Werner Fischer (1902-2001), Chemist
  • Bernhard Frankel (1836-1911), otolaryngologist
  • August Frick House (1882-1925), Archaeologist.
  • Robert Gerling (1878-1935), insurance entrepreneur, founder of the Gerling Group
  • Richard Greeff (1829-1892), zoologist
  • Julius Habicht (1874-1912), architect and director of the Reichsbank
  • Irma Hartje - Leudesdorff (1881-1956), painter and writer
  • Hartnack Wilhelm (1893-1963), geologist, and local historian of Wittgenstein country
  • Haumann Friedrich (1857-1924), first mayor of Solingen
  • Paul Gerhart Vowe (1874-1937), German painter
  • Mary Husemann (1892-1975), secretary and member of the resistance during the Nazi period
  • Hanna Jordan (1921-2014), stage
  • Gerd Kaimer ( born 1926 ), former Mayor of Solingen
  • Matthias Kleinheisterkamp (1893-1945), SS -Obergruppenführer and General of the Waffen -SS
  • Hans Kleinschmidt (1885-1977), pediatrician
  • Hans Knappertsbusch (1888-1965), conductor
  • Erich Koch (1896-1986), politician
  • Willi Friedrich Könitzer (1905-1947), journalist and writer
  • Otto Kropp (1907-1937), resistance fighters
  • Lore Kullmer (1919-2011), economist
  • Else Lasker-Schüler (1869-1945), poet
  • Raphael Liesegang (1869-1947), Chemist
  • Gerhard Meyer- Schwickerath (1920-1992), ophthalmologist, founder of laser photocoagulation in ophthalmology
  • Willi Muth (1899-1935), communist and resistance fighter
  • Wilhelm Neumann Torborg (1856-1917), sculptor
  • Franz Obermanns (1909-1982), resistance fighters
  • Alexander Page Stecher ( zoologist ) ( 1825-1889 ), obstetrician and zoologist
  • Wolfgang Stecher Page (1880-1953), painter and heraldist
  • Hugo Empire (1854-1935), a Protestant clergyman
  • Herbert Runge (1913-1986), boxer and Olympic gold medalist in 1936
  • Werburga Schaffrath ( born 1930 ), a nun in Caruaru, Brazil
  • Friedrich Julius Scherff (1920-2012), painter and graphic artist
  • Konrad Schmidt Torner (1907-1992), President of the Federal printing
  • Heinrich Schnabel ( district administrator ) ( 1778-1853 ), district of Mülheim / Rhine and Aachen, mayor of Dusseldorf
  • Horst Beautiful Man (1927-2002), Director
  • Emil Schüller (1843-1900), Mayor of Koblenz
  • Hans Schulten (1899-1965), an internist and professor in Rostock and Cologne
  • Hannes Schultze- Froitzheim (1905-1995), painter and graphic artist
  • Wilhelm Schumann (1899 - unknown), politician ( NSDAP)
  • Walter Simons (1861-1937), lawyer and politician
  • Ulrik Spies ( b. 1950 ), composer, music producer and drummer
  • Hans Wolfgang Singer (1910-2006), World Economist
  • Johann Wilhelm Sondermann (1770-1857), the industry pioneer
  • Horst Stein (1928-2008), conductor
  • Grete Stern (1904-1999), photographer and designer
  • Horst Tappert (1923-2008), actor
  • Werner Techenmacher (also Teschmacher ) ( 1590-1638 ), annalist, humanist and theologian of Reformed
  • Heinz Thilo (1911-1945), physician at Auschwitz -Birkenau
  • Alwin father (1869 -? ) Racing cyclist
  • Günter Wand (1912-2002), conductor
  • Helene Weber (1881-1962), politician ( center, CDU), MdR, MP, Member of Parliament, one of the four " mothers of the Basic Law "
  • Weischet Hugo (1897-1976), a landscape and portrait painter
  • Mathilde Wesendonck (1828-1902), writer and lover of the composer Richard Wagner
  • Otto Wesendonck (1815-1896), businessman and patron of the arts
  • Helmut Winter Hager (1911-2002), metallurgist and Rector of RWTH Aachen

Other personalities of the city

  • Johann Georg Bäßler (1753-1807), organist and composer Reformed
  • Otto von Diest (1821-1901), District Administrator
  • Karl Friedrich Favreau (1821-1869), 1859 order as District
  • Johann Carl Fuhlrott (1803-1877), naturalist and describer of the Neanderthal
  • Hermann Hirsch (1815-1900), Chief of Police and temporary district
  • Hermann Friedrich carbon Brugge (1803-1875) Reformed theologian and pastor

Trivia

Through the sketch " The Charm School " by Loriot Elberfeld became known to a wider public. In the sketch it says among other things that Elberfeld a " first-class School of Applied Arts " have. This passage is one of the most popular Loriot quotes.

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