Emiliano-Romagnolo language
Spoken in
- Indo-European Italic Romanesque Italoromanisch North Italian Emilian
-
Roa ( other Romance languages )
Eml
Emilian is a group of linguistic varieties of the Italian language, which colloquially Dialetti ( = dialects ) are called and the members of the Po valley branch. These language varieties spoken in the historical region of Emilia, which roughly covers the provinces of Piacenza, Parma, Reggio Emilia, Modena, Ferrara and part of the province of Bologna ( this side of the river Sillaro ). Beyond the Sillaros begins the Romagna region. Both historic regions form the administrative region of Emilia -Romagna. The Emilian language, like all other languages of the Po valley branch, was recognized as a European minority language by the Euro Europe and has been included in both the documents drawn up by UNESCO (Red Book on endangered languages) as a legitimate language and in the Linguistic Atlas Ethnologue.
In the current research Emilian one of the Western Romance languages , such as French, Occitan, Catalan, Ligurian, Lombard, Piedmontese and Romagnol while Italian belongs to the eastern branch of the Romance languages.
A Emilian Koinesprache not exist.
The limits to the other Po Valley dialects are quite fluent at the level of phonetics and vocabulary, so some dialectologists some Grenzvarietäten the Lombard like that of Mantua, Pavia and Voghera as transitional forms between the Lombard and the Emilian, others even as real Emilian designated.
Even the dialect of Lunigiana, a region in the north-western Tuscany, is one of the Emilian branch.
Dialektvarietäten
The Emilian branch is divided into five sub-branches that differ phonetically and vocabulary.
- Lunigianisch is spoken in the historical region of Lunigiana, which was under the administration of the Duchy of Modena until 1860 and today is part of the Tuscany.
- Westemilianisch ( Piacentino ) spoken in the regions west of the Taro River ( province of Piacenza and parts of the province of Parma ) and assigns as well as the German umlaut ö and ü, which also exist in other dialects of the regions of Piedmont, Lombardy and Liguria, but in the remaining area of the peninsula are absent. In West Emilian the influences of the Lombard are strongly felt, but one can also distinguish the Piedmontese and the Ligurian.
- Mittelemilianisch is spoken about in the area between the Taro and the Panaro ( parts of the province of Parma, Reggio Emilia and Modena province solely of the municipality of Castelfranco Emilia).
- Bolognese or Südostemilianisch is in the province of Bologna to the west of Sillaro and spoken in Castelfranco Emilia.
- Ferraresisch or Nordostemilianisch is spoken in the province of Ferrara. This sub-branch still has a further subdivision: the branch of Comacchio.
Language features
The Emilian dialects all have common traits with the Po valley to language varieties, including:
- Cutting off the final vowels with respect to the Italian standard, with the exception of the a and the associated extension of the previous volume Phonetic voice may be a complex:
- The presence of round vowels that are typical of the western Romance languages. On Lunigianisch and Westemilianisch are four more of them available: ä, ü, ö, å ( in West Emilian especially ë, half - unvoiced sound voice that is also present in Piedmontese ), the average Emilian, however only one. For example, compare the word worm:
- Another feature of the Emilian is the weakening of unstressed syllables, which often tend to zero Apophonie:
- The presence of nasal and alveolar sounds ( which are written in the Bolognese ń with the special character ), such as the Bolognese
- The formation of the plural forms by sound shift:
- The presence of many classes of verbs
- The presence of an interrogative sentence conjugation and a declarative sentence conjugation:
- The mandatory use of the personal pronoun (unlike in Italian ) and the use of accented forms:
Examples
See also: Italian language