en passant

The French term en passant can be with in passing, casually translate and referred to a special chess set (impact ) train a farmer. The foreign word is also used outside of chess as a phrase, for example, to describe an activity that you incidentally, can without much effort, do.

In chess, the beating is defined in passing as the move options to hit an enemy with a peasants farmers, even if this moves from the initial position by a double step on the impact area of ​​the local farmers out. In this case, the pawn is to be regarded as if he had just done a box step from the initial position to the front instead of those two. En passant may only be beaten immediately after the double step of opposing pawns.

This special rule comes from the fact that the peasants were allowed to make from the basic position a double step. At the same time an advanced farmer should not lose its effect, to be able to stop an opponent's pawn on the starting field or hit by a train. Thus, it remained attractive to lead an offensive game as the possibility of opening line was further added. En passant beat is only possible if a farmer two fields from the initial position to the front pulls (Example in picture: Black moves his pawn on c7 after c5) and next to a enemy pawn (there: white pawn on d5) comes to a halt. In this case, it is done to the opponent's pawn impossible to escape the attack by a double step. You have to decide whether you want to hit or not immediately. When one first issues to another train, forfeit the chance to en passant.

In addition, it was assumed that the game of chess is a form of battle formation, and also in reality an army unit can be beaten if she is far advanced after a long march route and the opponent is suddenly threatening the flank. The "En passant" beaten farmer is so seen on the cut of supply lines unit was not operating the association and was surrounded by it.

Example

A black pawn stands on d7, a white pawn on e5. Black pulls the peasants in a double step from d7 to d5. White has now - but only in the immediately following half-train - the possibility of en passant these farmers to beat: For this, the black pawn on d5 is removed from the board, the white pawn moves from e5 to d6.

Notation: x e5 d6 E. P. (The term is usually omitted E. P. )

Particularity

A special technical feature: a dual bay without letting one of the chess -giving figures drew last train, is only possible through the En passant train.

Chess composition

In the chess composition an en passant as a key move is only allowed if it can be proven that the last train allowed such a blow. Only in passing, it is also possible to remove two figures simultaneously by a number. Another special feature of the strike showed, among other things Korolkov in one of his studies.

After 5 Lc3 -a1 d7 - d6! Black tries to build a stalemate. After 6.c2 - c3? d4 -d3 would no longer prevent the stalemate. However, White has over the train 6.c2 - c4! , Who immediately sets patt at first glance, at second glance, but exploits the bondage of the peasants on d4 and thus the en passant forces. E. P. After 6 ... d4xc3 7.La1xc3 is black but dull.

• Laws of Chess
• French phrase