Endopterygota

Western Honey Bee (Apis mellifera)

• Big Wings ( Megaloptera )
• Snakeflies ( Raphidioptera )
• Lacewings ( Neuroptera )
• Beetles ( Coleoptera)
• Fächerflügler ( Strepsiptera )
• Hymenoptera ( Hymenoptera)
• Caddisflies ( Trichoptera )
• Butterflies ( Lepidoptera)
• Beak flies ( Mecoptera )
• Fleas ( Siphonaptera )
• (Diptera )

The Holometabola insects ( Holometabola; AltGr ὅλος holos 'whole', 'complete' and μεταβολή metabolic " change." ) Are a group of insects and belong within the flying insects ( pterygota ) to the Neuflüglern ( Neoptera ). Within the flying insects which Neuflügler are compared as Endopterygota the Exopterygota. The name refers to the development of wing buds, which are formed in the Holometabola already at a relatively early stage within the body.

Description

As Holometabole insects, all insects are summarized, which undergo a complete metamorphosis in their development of a larva a pupa to adult insect ( imago ) which have no similarity, and often have a different way of life. They comprise more than three quarters of all known insects.

Due to the complexity of the feature " holometabole development ' Holometabola insects are ( in contrast to the hemimetabolic insects with incomplete conversion ) as a natural group ( monophyletic ) well-founded within the insects. The main coincidence is the complete transformation of the insect in the pupa, which is built as a resting stage between the last larval stage and the adult animal. The doll is always motionless in the original species and assumes no food on. It relates the energy required for the conversion process from the storage proteins which are stored in the cells of the body fat and can be transported from the hemocytes, the blood cells of the insect. Similar processes are also observed in imagos, which also take in many species no food.

The investments of the wing and the genital attachments that are commonly the legs, are located in the larvae of insects Holometabola in blisters under the body wall, the so-called imaginal discs. The compound eyes are invested in such imaginal discs and replace the larval ocelli after pupation.

Taxonomy and systematics

The Holometabola insects include some of the best known and most species-rich taxa of insects. A list of the orders contained herein is to be found in the adjacent Taxobox.

The phylogenetic system of insects Holometabola is currently based almost exclusively on classical features of the morphology, physiology and development. Genetic data play a minor role, since they are not present for most groups so far.

Hymenoptera ( Hymenoptera)

Netzflüglerartige ( Neuropteroida )

Beetles ( Coleoptera)

Fächerflügler ( Strepsiptera )

Caddisflies ( Trichoptera )

Butterflies ( Lepidoptera)

Beak flies ( Mecoptera )

(Diptera )

Fleas ( Siphonaptera )