Engineering geology
The engineering geology (including engineering geology ) is a branch of applied geology and geotechnics. It sees itself as a link between the classical and the constructive Geosciences, structural engineering. It deals with the behavior of rocks and the mountains according to the genetic material properties and its geological history, the mechanical and physical properties and the behavior of loose and solid rock in detail and in the association.
Engineering Geology is an independent branch of geotechnical engineering, are linked in the various earth sciences and disciplines of civil engineering together. The common objectives of all contributing to the geotechnical specialist components are the exploration, exploitation and the protection of the upper regions of the Earth's crust, as well as the stability, for example in buildings, hillsides or landfills.
Applied geoscience
Engineering Geology is a geoscience applied, which requires not only interdisciplinary knowledge within the natural sciences (geology, chemistry, physics ), but extends to the disciplines of engineering and materials science.
Important corresponding areas of expertise are the rock and soil mechanics, the Erdstatik that soil science, soil and foundation engineering, rock and underground construction, drilling and measurement technology and applied topics of hydrology and hydrogeology.
In interdisciplinary cooperation with the mentioned disciplines and other fields of engineering geology contributes that buildings of all kinds can be built safely, conveniently and economically. This concerns the building for civil engineering structures such as roads, streets, bridges, tunnels, caverns, dams, buildings, skyscrapers, as well as its use as a landfill and storage space for waste, raw materials and heat.
But the object of the engineering geology is not only the transport of geological knowledge in geotechnical engineering, but also vice versa, the transport of engineering knowledge in geology; for example in the examination of Kompaktionsvorgängen.
Tasks and activities of the Engineering Geologists
- Identification and classification (Address ) of soil and rock ( loose rock and hard rock ) for civil engineering purposes, see soil classification, petrography
- Pulping process ( drilling and soundings )
- Borehole expansion tests ( pressuremeter, dilatometer, page compression tests )
- Geohydraulic experiments (water pressure test, pumping tests, slug and bail tests)
- Geomeasurements ( inclinometer, Extensometerversuche )
- Founding and settling
- Building stability
- Slope and slope stability (see slope failure, slope stabilization )
- Landslides, earth pressure
- Landfill
- Reservoir Geology
- Transportation infrastructures and tunneling
- Quarry Geology
- Building in cutting, Erdfallgebieten
- Soil improvement measures
- Industrial tailings
- Reports and tenders