Engystomops

Tungara Frog ( Engystomops pustulosus )

Engystomops is a 2006 re- erected genus of frogs. She was separated from the genus Physalaemus, and includes a number of South and Central American species, including the frequent and widespread Tungara Frog ( Engystomops pustulosus ).

Features

The frogs of the genus Engystomops be 15 to 38.6 millimeters long. The dorsal skin is warty. The frogs are normal colored brown. About the organ of hearing, the tympanum is visible.

Dissemination

The range of this frog species ranges from southern Mexico through Central America to the northern countries of South America including Peru and Ecuador. The genus includes two clades that are biogeographically separated by the Andes. The two clades were grouped into two wrestled loose groups of species. The clade consists of Edentulus Engystomops petersi and Engystomops pustulosus and Engystomops freibergi and is east of the Andes in northern South America and the Amazon basin before. The clade DuoVox consists of the types Engystomops coloradorum, Engystomops montubio, Engystomops pustulatus, Engystomops Puyango, Engystomops randi and Engystomops guayaco and lives northwest of the Andean ridge.

Way of life

The species of the genus Engystomops live mainly in the lowlands. They can occur in both wet forests as well as in dry savannas of tropical and subtropical zones. For the survival of their brood in a case by case drought a foam nest, which can be applied by all species of the genus provides. The nest is placed in the water and takes the eggs to hatch the tadpoles. Various proteins protect the eggs from parasites.

The advertising behavior of some species and the responses of females to the calls of the males during the mating season were studied. Males call from the night of the water, but the sounds can also be classified by predators such as Frans lip bat ( Trachops cirrhosus ) in the hunting ground and used for the detection of frogs.

Systematics and Taxonomy

The species of the genus Engystomops belonged to the genus Physalaemus long time, which included in 2006, at the time of their split, 49 species. Phylogenetic analyzes indicated that the Tungara Frog ( Physalaemus pustulosus ) was related petersi close with Physalaemus, as well as the west of the Andes widespread species Physalaemus pustulatus and Physalaemus coloradorum. The four types were initially summarized for Physalaemus - pustulosus group, which was then expanded to include three new species described in 2004 and 2005. 2006, this group was separated from the genus Physalaemus. As a generic name Engystomops was rebuilt after this monotypic genus had been integrated with the only kind Engystomops petersi 1970 under the name of Physalaemus petersi in the genus Physalaemus.

For the systematic reorganization of Südfrösche ( family Leptodactylidae in the broader sense ) Engystomops was together with Physalaemus, Pleurodema, Pseudopaludicola and some less species-rich genera first placed in the newly built family Leiuperidae. , But then as a subfamily Leiuperinae again in the Leptodactylidae family (in the narrow sense) incorporated.

Species

The genus Engystomops currently includes nine types:

• Engystomops petersi Jiménez- de -la- Espada, 1872 ( type species )
• Engystomops coloradorum ( Cannatella & Duellman, 1984)
• Engystomops freibergi ( Donoso - Barros, 1969)
• Engystomops guayaco (Ron, Coloma & Cannatella, 2005)
• Engystomops montubio (Ron, Cannatella & Coloma, 2004)
• Engystomops pustulatus ( Shreve, 1941)
• Engystomops pustulosus ( Cope, 1864)
• Engystomops Puyango Ron, Toral, Rivera & Terán - Valdez in 2010
• Engystomops randi (Ron, Cannatella & Coloma, 2004)