Enokitake
Common Samtfußrübling ( Flammulina velutipes )
The common Samtfußrübling ( Flammulina velutipes, Syn: Collybia velutipes ) is a species of fungus in the family Physalacriaceae. It is an edible mushroom is also cultivated in East Asia and there marketed as Enoki. In natural habitats, the small, frost- resistant fruiting bodies in the winter half year grow at cool temperatures, which is why the species is also known as winter mushroom. In contrast, the common name or Samtfuß Samtfußrübling refer to the velvety beschaffenen stem.
- 5.1 Edible Mushroom
- 5.2 cultivation
- 5.3 Research Projects
- 6.1 Literature
- 6.2 Notes and references
Features
- The fruiting bodies form 2-10 cm wide, dünnfleischige and greasy hats of honey- yellow to reddish-brown color with a darker center.
- The fibrous tough, hollow in age, ring loose stems are 3-8 cm long, yellowish above, narrowed below dark brown to olivschwarz, samtfilzig, often flattened and root -like. Characteristic is also the twisted structure of the stalk fibers.
- The fins are white to pale yellow.
- The spore powder is white.
Artabgrenzung
Other Samtfußrüblinge
In addition to the commons Samtfußrübling come in Europe, there are other, sometimes very similar and only microscopically identifiable genus representatives. Some species can be distinguished from each other by a different occurrences are in season and on the basis of the habitat.
Stockschwämmchen or Poison Häubling
From ignorant collectors of the congregation Samtfußrübling can be confused with the edible Stockschwämmchen or the dangerous poison Häubling. The clearest distinguishing feature is the velvety, always ringless stalk of Samtfußrüblings.
Ecology
The Samtfußrübling comes in the period from September to April often abundant in stumps, logs before (also from living trees ) and fallen branches of deciduous trees, rarely also on conifers, and occasionally underground wood. A special fondness shows the Samtfußrübling to the genera Salix ( willow ), Populus (poplar ), Fraxinus ( ash ) and elder, often for by the " Dutch elm disease " damaged elm species.
Dissemination
Its geographic distribution includes both temperate and cold regions in the northern hemisphere of the earth, such as China, Siberia, Asia Minor, Europe, North America and Japan and Australia in the southern hemisphere.
Importance
Mushroom
A special importance has the Samtfußrübling in Japanese cuisine, known there as " Enokitake " or simply " Enoki " where he is after the most widely planted Shiitake Mushroom. It produces a total of about 100,000 tons of this fungus. Thus, the Samtfußrübling ranks sixth in the ranking of the most cultivated edible mushrooms worldwide. He is also among the medicinal mushrooms, but is less significant.
In Europe, the Samtfußrübling mushroom connoisseurs is well known as a savory Mushroom, which occurs especially during the cold season, when other fungal flora has largely stopped their growth because of the winter cold.
Cultivation
The Samtfußrübling was one of the first edible mushrooms at all, which was taken specifically in culture. So its cultivation was first mentioned in the late Tang dynasty in China between the years 800 and 900. It is narrated that one time mature fruiting bodies rubbed on fresh tree stumps, with good prospects to be able to expect a mushroom harvest later in these places.
Research Projects
The simple cultivation of the living congregations saprotroph Samtfußrüblings resulted in Flammulina velutipes was a popular object in scientific research. So took the fungus in 1993 at the Spacelab Mission D- 2, in part, in, inter alia, the influence of gravity was examined for the growth of higher fungi.