Entoloma sinuatum
Giant Anthias ( Entoloma sinuatum )
The Giant Anthias ( Entoloma sinuatum ) is a species of fungus in the family Rötlingsverwandten. Within the genus it is assigned to the subgenus Entoloma which mainly contains species with stately, knight ling -like fruiting bodies. It is poisonous and can, for example, with the edible Mairitterling ( Calocybe gambosa ) be confused.
- 7.1 Literature
- 7.2 Notes and references
Features
Macroscopic characteristics
The hat is between 5-20 cm wide. He is not hygrophanous and off-white or light gray, brownish tinted to pale purple gray. Its surface is smooth and hairless or also spotted until dropped. In addition, it is silky smooth and has ingrown fibers in a net-like arrangement. The brim is thin and initially inflected, later wavy. The thin hat skin is removable. The Cap flesh is thick and coarse. The slats are only whitish, then yellowish long and finally by the spores of pink flesh. With a maximum of 1.5 cm, they are remarkably short. They are rigid, little are crowded and are connected at the base with cross- veins. The spore powder is colored reddish flesh. The white stem is 4-16 cm long and 6-35 mm thick. Its surface is fibrous, grooved and shiny. The stem is frosted on the top and white hairs at the base. Its interior is spongy and ultimately hollow. Smell and taste are flour -like with an unpleasant sour - radish -like, sometimes sweet connotation.
Microscopic characteristics
At the basidia measure 27-35 × 7.5-9.5 microns. At each of them 4 spores mature. The 5 - to 7- square spores are ( sub) rounded or angular shaped to weakly heterodiametrisch and measure 8-11 ( -11.5 ) x 7-9 ( -9.5 ) micron. The ratio of length and width is 1.0-1.3, in section 1.2. Cystidia lacking in the lamellar cut, buckles, however, are everywhere on the transverse walls of the hyphae often. The pigment in the Hutdeckschicht is intracellular.
Artabgrenzung
Due to the typical for both types smell of flour or cucumber and similar coloring, it can be confused with the edible Mairitterling ( Calocybe gambosa ). The edible mushroom has white but in all age stages and particularly urged the slats and fruktifiziert usually earlier in the year. Confusion are also with the fog horror Trichterling ( Clitocybe nebularis ) possible, which usually occurs later than the giant Anthias. It has a sweet smell and quite pushed the slats. They are pink at any age and stage of young colored white. Both species have elliptical spores and spore powder brighter. Other Rötlinge are smaller than the giant Anthias generally. The Pale Brown Anthias (E. sepium ) appears as the most Mairitterling earlier in the year. It is edible. The poison suspicious Weißstielige Anthias (E. lividoalbum ) has a hygrophanen hat.
Ecology and phenology
The Giant Anthias is in light deciduous forests, which are usually located in the climax. Meso- and hygrophile and calcareous beech, beech-fir and oak -hornbeam forests are preferred. Sometimes the fungus can also be found on corresponding edges of woods, hedgerows and meadows, parks and similar biotopes. The species colonized fresh, moist to change aces, clay, more or less strongly gleyed Kalkbraun and Luvisols or Gleyböden. These are well supplied with bases and moderately with nutrients. The fungus forms a mycorrhiza with deciduous trees. These are primarily beech, followed by oak trees.
The fruiting bodies appear from August to October, rarely later or in early summer. They often form fairy rings.
Dissemination
The Giant Anthias is to be found in the Holarctic, where he is submeridional spread to temperat. So he can be found in North America (Canada, USA), Europe and North Asia (Asia Minor, Japan). In Europe, the territory of the Benelux countries and France ranges in the west to Estonia and Belarus to the east and south to Spain, Italy, Bulgaria and Romania and north to Denmark and to southern Norway. In the southern and central parts of the fungus is more common than in the north-western regions.
In Germany, the style is very patchy to be found scattered in all provinces. In the northwest of Lower Saxony, Schleswig -Holstein and Mecklenburg -Vorpommern it can be found only in very few cases.
System
In the past, E. sinuatum was without yellowish fins and with ockerlichem hat, which often has light gray polka dots, construed. In contrast, E. eulividum was deferred. Meanwhile, both forms are combined together to form.
Toxic effect
The consumption of the giant Rötlings can lead to serious or even fatal poisoning. It is a gastro-intestinal intoxication. The course is particularly difficult and acutely life- threatening in young children, the elderly and vulnerable people. Unlike other fungi which cause this disease, the latency is quite long Rötlingen; when Riesenrötling experience the symptoms after about 4 hours. These are manifested by nausea, diarrhea and vomiting, with colic and cramping abdominal pain. Due to the severity of these symptoms is caused by vomiting and diarrhea often an excessive fluid loss. This is accompanied by a loss of electrolytes (magnesium, potassium, calcium), whereby muscle spasms and sometimes life-threatening circulatory disorders are triggered. Poisoning patients usually have cared for in the ICU and fluid and electrolytes are fed. Zudm often results in the adoption of a life threat to anxiety with sweating and chills. The symptoms usually disappear off after 1 to 2 days, with no after-effects occur.
In southern countries of poisoning with this fungus are relatively common; 10 percent of all cases are caused by these Anthias. The cause of toxicity vinylglycine the connection is suspected. In addition, the fungus contains lectins which specifically lead to clumping of blood cells of blood group A. He also acts as an insecticide for fruit flies.