Epipactis distans
Kurzblättrige helleborine ( Epipactis distans )
The Kurzblättrige helleborine ( Epipactis distans ), and Round-leaved helleborine or Long link called helleborine, is a species in the genus leaved Wurzen ( Epipactis ). The species names are not traditionally done, they are an invention of modern times. The name Entferntblütige helleborine is misleading, since the epithet " distans " refers to the further apart standing leaves.
Description
The little variable Kurzblättrige helleborine is a 30-60 cm high, sometimes higher plant with thick stems and two to six leaves. These are shorter or only slightly longer than the internodes, rinnig shaped to spoon-like and stiff upright. The length of the inflorescence varies between one third and one half of the total height of the plant. It works by top-heavy. The flowers are arranged and einseitswendig relatively large. The petals of the outer Perigonkreis are green on the inside and outside occasionally pink to reddish. The petals of the inner circle appear broad in comparison to the lip. They are bright pink to bright red in color. The rear lip is deeply colored bowl-shaped and dark red. The front lip is white to light pink. Striking is the center keel on the front lip, it is usually significantly colored red. The passage between the front and rear lip is narrow U-shaped. The Klebdrüse remains long functional, thus a value of insect pollination is obligatory. You can later dry up and pollen on the stigma reach ( autogamy ).
The flowering time is in July and begins about two weeks before the broadleaf helleborine.
The Kurzblättrige Stendelwurz differs with several features of the similar broadleaf helleborine, which has larger leaves and the shape and color of the flowers is variable.
Genetics and Development
The number of chromosomes is not known at present, presumably as the Broad-leaved helleborine with 20 chromosomes ( cytology: 2n = 40). The seed of this orchid contains no nutritive tissue for the seedling. Therefore Germination occurs only when infected by a root fungus ( mycorrhiza ). So far only obligate ectomycorrhizal fungi of the genus Wilcoxina from the roots of this kind could isolate, in contrast to broadleaf helleborine, whose roots can contain both Ektomykorrhizabildner and non- ectomycorrhizal fungi.
Ecology
The Kurzblättrige Stendelwurz comes almost exclusively before on dry soils over limestone or dolomite in sparse pine forests or forest edges up to the alpine altitude level. It is also reported from deposits on acidic soils, but higher than dolomite.
The Broad-leaved helleborine is rare in the immediate vicinity. Similar claims, the Brown-red helleborine, which can also occur in the immediate vicinity.
Dissemination
The actual distribution is currently not fully known. She is originally known from the French Western Alps and the adjoining Italy. Already in 1995 conjectured after the species was rediscovered in Austria that they should also occur in Germany. 1996 could be one for many years known in Bavaria deposit which was previously regarded as broad-leaved helleborine, this type to be assigned. In Mecklenburg- Western Pomerania, plants proved that the Dutch helleborine ( helleborine subsp Ep. Neerlandica ) were considered, as well as to this kind belong. Since then, new localities will be discovered again and again.
Secure evidence of Kurzblättrigen Stendelwurz there are in France, Italy, Austria, Germany, Poland, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Slovakia and Sweden. Further findings in this or neighboring countries are expected for the future.
In Germany this type Jura is in the north of Mecklenburg- Vorpommern, Brandenburg and Bavaria slightly denser in Frankenjura and Upper Palatinate ago, few localities widely scattered in the Alps down to the foothills of the Alps.
Nature protection and hazard
Since the nature for a long time has not been respected and finds accumulate only since the mid-1990s, no precise estimate of the risk levels can be made. But it can be assumed that this species is rare and therefore there is a higher risk and vulnerability. It is generally protected as a species in the orchid family according to national and international laws.
System
Nomenclature
The Kurzblättrige helleborine was described by Jean Maurice Casimir Arvet - Touvet in 1872 as Epipactis distans. In 1996, she is the rank of a sub-species of broadleaf helleborine as E. helleborine subsp. distans downgraded. K. Richter named in 1887 found in Lower Austria plant Epipactis orbicularis, which he downgraded to subspecies later. 1997 Erich Klein recognized that both taxa do not differ. Yet another name comes into play: plants from Spain are more highly colored flowers have been described in 2002 as Epipactis molochina. These plants will be affected by hybridization of Epipactis cardina.
Species or subspecies
Opinions are not only apart in terms of their status as species or subspecies, but also whether the Central European and the western alpine plants differ and therefore each receive their own names should: for the western alpine plants E. helleborine subsp. distans and for the Central European E. helleborine subsp. orbicularis.
The typical and constant characteristics suggest to lead the Kurzblättrige Stendelwurz the rank of a species. After the priority rule Epipactis distans Arvet - Touvet 1872 is valid.