Éric Rohmer
Éric Rohmer ( born March 21, 1920 in Tulle, Correze, † January 11, 2010 in Paris, actually Jean -Marie Maurice Schérer ) was a French film and theater director and essayist, film critic and theorist.
- 2.1 "Moral Tales "
- 2.2 " Comedies and Proverbs"
- 2.3 " Tales of the Four Seasons"
- 2.4 films outside of cycles
Life and work
After studying classical literature Rohmer worked from 1944 to 1952 as a teacher in Paris, then to 1955 in Vierzon. In 1946 he published his only novel, Elizabeth, who appeared in German in 2003 under the pseudonym Gilbert Cordier. In June 1948, his first article in the famous but short-lived La Revue du Cinéma appeared.
In June 1951 Rohmer published his first article in the newly established magazine Cahiers du cinéma. In 1955 he published there in five episodes of the film theory essay Le Celluloid et le Marbre ( " Celluloid and Marble" ), for the first time in the Cahiers under the pseudonym of Eric Rohmer. However Rohmer away later by the then expressed theoretical positions; a reprint of the essay he refused.
Since 1957 he represented as acting seriously ill André Bazin as chief editor of the Cahiers, from 1959, he held this position officially. Over the 50 years he worked on several short films along with his critics colleagues. In 1955 he published together with Claude Chabrol, the first book ever about Alfred Hitchcock, which was only in 2013 translated and edited by Robert Fischer into German.
1959 turned Rohmer his first feature film in the sign of Leo (Le Signe du Lion ), which until 1962 was a rental. At this time, the Nouvelle Vague not as in vogue as a few years earlier, and the film was a flop in theaters. Rohmer was inspired by an experience of Paul Gégauff, an eminent writer of the Nouvelle Vague and frequent co-author of Claude Chabrol, this film. The personality of Gégauff was the inspiration for numerous figures in the films of Rohmer and other Nouvelle Vague directors.
In 1962 Rohmer together with Barbet Schroeder, the production company Les Films du Losange. " Losange " is diamond, the logo of the company.
1963 Rohmer was supplanted by Jacques Rivette of the editorial board of Cahiers.
In the following years, Rohmer could devote himself to film work. As early as 1962 he had opened ( Moral Tales ) with the short film The baker of Monceau his first film cycle Contes Moraux, within which he produced until 1972 for another five Movies: The career of Suzanne (La Carrière de Suzanne, short film, 1963), The Collector ( La Collectioneuse, 1966), My night at Maud (Ma nuit chez Maud, 1969), Claire's knee (Le genou de Claire, 1970) and L' Amour L' Apres -midi (1972). My Night at Maud, the sur recettes ( = advance on the box-office ) had to be postponed by three years due to lack of support of the French film promotion Avance, was surprisingly a great success with the public and Rohmer's most successful film. As almost the entire work of Rohmer the central theme was love in this film.
During this time also arose over twenty films for the French educational television to literary and historical especially issues; also a long television film Le celluloid et le marbre (1966 ), a documentary about the Danish film director Carl Theodor Dreyer (1965) and the short film Place de l' Étoile as a contribution to the film Paris vu par ... (1965 ), the other parts of Jean -Daniel Pollet, Jean Rouch, Jean Douchet, Jean- Luc Godard and Claude Chabrol come.
1972 put Rohmer with his dissertation L' organization de l' espace dans le Faust de Murnau his doctoral degree at the University of Paris I ( Panthéon- Sorbonne ) from ( German as Murnau's Faust film by Hanser, Munich, 1980). In 1972, Rohmer was a lecturer for film directing at the University of Paris- Nanterre.
In 1976, The Marquise of O (La Marquise d'O ... ) based on the novella by Heinrich von Kleist. The film was made with German actors in German language in Obernzenn castle in Middle Franconia.
1978 Perceval le Gallois Rohmer realized after a medieval fabric, the Perceval novel by French writer Chrétien de Troyes. Rohmer used an extremely stylized theatrical decor and let the actors speak in medieval language. In this film for the first time appeared on numerous actors who were repeatedly seen in Rohmer's films later, as Arielle Dombasle, Anne -Laure Meury, André Dussollier and Marie Rivière.
1979 staged Rohmer at the Maison de la Culture in Nanterre Cathy of Heilbronn by Heinrich von Kleist. The project fell through with audiences and critics. Especially prepared by Rohmer verse translation and the cast were criticized.
1981 Rohmer began with the woman of the flier (La femme de l' aviateur ) a new six -part film cycle under the heading Comédies et proverbes ( Comedies and Proverbs ). The film was realized with the very low budget of 125,000 euros. Each film in this series is preceded by a well-known, sometimes modified proverb as a playful theme.
Other films in this cycle are: The beautiful Wedding ( 1982) with Béatrice Romand, Pauline at the beach ( Pauline à la plage, 1982) Full Moon Nights ( Les nuits de la pleine lune, 1984), the improvised very strong The Green Ray ( Le rayon vert, 1986), for which he won the Golden Lion at the Venice Film Festival, and my Girlfriend's Boyfriend (1987). Outside of the cycle was written in 1986 Quatre aventures de Reinette et Mirabelle, a four-part anthology film. For the production of this film Rohmer founded the production company CE ( Compagnie Eric Rohmer ) to keep the financial risk of this small and very cheap film of Les films du Losange.
In 1984 a collection of Rohmer's film reviews under the title Le gout de la beauté in the book series of the Cahiers du cinéma, initiated from a longer interview.
1987 Rohmer wrote the play Le trio en mi - bémol, a Comédie en sept tableaux for two people. In December 1987, the play, directed by Rohmer premiere at the Théatre Renaud- Barrault had in Paris, played by Jessica Forde and Pascal Greggory. At the play also a television version was made.
With Spring narrative ( Conte de Printemps ) opened Rohmer 1990 his third film Contes des quatre saisons cycle (Tales of the Four Seasons). There followed in 1992 Conte d' hiver.
Was born in 1993 outside the cycle again produced by the CER L' arbre, le maire et la ou les sept médiathèque hazzards, the cheapest feature film of his career. In this merry pranks to local politics in the French province of playing the familiar faces Arielle Dombasle, Pascal Greggory and Fabrice Luchini. However, the satirical aspect went into all the word cascade under a little.
In 1995 Les Rendez -vous de Paris, a three-part anthology film, stand in the focus pairs in different neighborhoods of Paris.
Also journalistic Rohmer was active again: In 1996, the essay De Mozart Beethoven s. Essai sur la notion de profondeur en musique at Actes Sud. Rohmer had always been interested in classical music.
The seasons cycle was continued in 1996 with Conte d' été, which was shot in Brittany. Followed in 1998 Conte d' automne.
With 81 years in 2001 Rohmer realized his most expensive film. The Lady and the Duke (L' Anglaise et le Duc) was created through the means of digital video technology. The action was based on the experiences of the Englishwoman Grace Elliott during the French Revolution. The painted backdrops for the exterior scenes were combined technical trick with the recordings of the actor.
In 2004, Triple Agent premiered at the Berlinale. The German criticism, however, was only moderately impressed by the agent history from the 1930s.
In the spring of 2004, the Cinémathèque française showed a complete retrospective of his work. With the publication of the third box, the DVD edition was completed by Rohmer's films. The Cahiers du cinéma devoted Rohmer in March 2004, a lengthy dossier. In an interview Rohmer announced the end of his career: "En fin de compte, depending n'ai rien dans mes tiroirs ". Nevertheless, Rohmer was still working on: 2005 he turns his short film Le canapé rouge with Marie Rivière. In May and June 2006, the shooting took place for Rohmer's Les amours d' Astrée last project et de Celadon based on a novel of the 17th century by Honoré d' Urfé. The film was released on 5 September 2007 in the French cinema and premiered at the 64th Venice Film Festival, where the drama was represented in the official competition, but remained unprämiert.
Despite these varied activities around the theory and practice of film and theater Rohmer always found the time to deal with literature, philosophy, music, architecture and urban planning. He spoke German, played the piano and was considered an excellent Balzac connoisseur, giving him the mammoth work out One ( 1970) by Jacques Rivette brought a small appearance as Balzac specialist.
Rohmer was married to Thérèse Barbet born in 1929, whom he had met in 1957. They had two sons: Denis Schérer (* 1958), who works under the pseudonym René Monzat as a journalist, and Laurent.
Eric Rohmer is buried at the Montparnasse Cemetery in Paris.
Pseudonym
For his choice of pseudonym Rohmer said: "It was a name I have chosen to be simple so, for no particular reason, just because he liked me." With this pseudonym he signed for the first time in 1950 an article in the magazine La Gazette du Cinéma. For a while he was changing as Scherer or Rohmer before he only used the name Rohmer 1955. He also used the name Gilbert Cordier, Dirk Peters and Sébastien Erin's.
Movies
It lists only the long feature films. Short films are mentioned only as part of the cycles.
"Moral Tales "
( Six Contes Moraux )
" Comedies and Proverbs"
( Comédies et proverbes )
" Tales of the Four Seasons"
( Contes des quatre saisons )