Ernesto Nathan

Ernesto Nathan ( October 5, 1845 in London, † April 9, 1921 in Rome ) was an Italian politician and November 1907 to December 1913 Mayor of Rome. As in England -born Jew, cosmopolitan, Republicans and trailers Giuseppe Mazzini and secular - anticlerical set Freemasons (since 1887) was Ernesto Nathan, the first mayor of Rome, who did not belong to the class of ( noble or non- noble ) landowners, the city also had ruled after the unification of Italy until 1907.

From 1896 to 1904 and from 1917 to 1919 he was Grand Master of the Masonic Grand Lodge Grande Oriente d' Italia.

Life

Youth and the first political experience

Nathan was born on October 5, 1845 in London, the son of coming from Pesaro Sara N. Levi and Moses Nathan Mayer. His father was a naturalized in England stockbroker German origin and died when the boy was 14 years old. He spent his youth in Florence, Lugano, Milan and Sardinia, where he managed a cotton mill that went bankrupt, however. Its formation and its cultural and political orientation were strongly influenced by the influence of Giuseppe Mazzini and Aurelio Saffis, in the London time were already friends of the family.

In 1867 he married Virginia Mieli. 1870 moved the then 25 -year-old to Roma to as president of the mazzinianischen magazine " La Roma del Popolo " ( " The Rome of the people " ) to work, and devoted himself as a staunch secularist and anticlerical politics. In 1879 he joined the Partito dell'estrema at sinistra ( party of the extreme left ) with Felice Cavallotti. In 1888 he received from the birthplace of his mother Pesaro, where he was from 1889 to 1895 Member of Provincial Parliament, the Italian citizenship.

In 1887 he was Masonic, 1893 Master of the Roman lodge Propaganda ( the P2 lodge today ) and 1896 as the successor of Adriano Lemmi Grand Master of the Grande Oriente d' Italia, which he headed until 1903 massonica. In 1889 he co-founded the Società Dante Alighieri.

In April 1898 Nathan was elected to the city council and some Roman appointed lecturers on economic issues and cultural assets later - an important office in the city government because the capital experienced a strong real estate boom and a stormy population growth. With the takeover of the House of Savoy in 1871, Rome had counted just 226,000 inhabitants, a figure that doubled by 1900. In the feverish building activity ( public buildings, development of roads and creation of new districts ) was much too rarely taken to ensure that any excavation of foundations for new buildings and new roads pulled the remains of the vast archaeological heritage of the city affected.

In this climate, the engineer and archaeologist Rodolfo Lanciani has described vividly, Nathan was elected in 1907 Popolare at the top of Blocco ( folk block ) to the mayor.

Mayor of Rome (1907-1913)

Nathan to 1913 ending tenure was imbued with the spirit of an ethic of the common good, which expressly relied on Giuseppe Mazzini and Aurelio Saffi, 1892 on the occasion held at the Nathan of Saffis second death in Forli, a commemorative speech. His policy had two main priorities: to make the effort, the massive real estate speculation that began after the transfer of the capital to Rome under control and an ambitious program of education and vocational training, which was designed on a strictly secular basis.

Thus, the first development plan of the city in 1909 decided who committed outside the city walls to be developed land and the circumstance took into account that 55 % of the construction land were owned by just eight large landowners.

In addition, a public building program was launched. In the city of Rome website states: "On the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the unification of Italy, a major program of urban renewal in 1911 in Rome decided. The mayor Ernesto Nathan used all financing options for construction projects that were the landmarks of Rome as the capital of the kingdom. We started this year with the construction of the Vittoriano [ the national memorial to Vittorio Emanuele II ], the - soon by the Romans " Palazzaccio " baptized - Palace of Justice, the Passeggiata archeologica ( a large green space area of over 40,000 square meters between the hills Aventine and Caelius ) and the Stadio Nazionale, today's Stadio Flaminio, the first modern facility for sporting events. "

While Nathan's tenure also municipal kindergartens were established in the 150, in which the children were well cared for. This number is more than impressive, considering that Rome currently has no more than 288 municipal kindergartens.

A now famous anecdote tells how the newly elected mayor of the municipal budget was presented for signature. Nathan studied attentively the paper and asked the officer who submitted the document to him to make a statement when he said " giblets for cats " came across the post. He replied that it was the agent for the maintenance of a colony of cats in order to protect the in the offices and archives held in custody at the Capitol documents before the mice. Then Nathan grabbed his pen, underlined the budget line and explained to the bewildered man, the cats on the Capitol would have to continue to feed on the rodents that they had to catch, and they should find no more mice, then their presence would have no need. This episode was the origin of the Roman saying now c'è trippa pe ' gatti (no tripe for cats).

The final years

Even seventy years, Nathan 1915 reported as a volunteer for the Italian army. In the rank of lieutenant, he participated in the Dolomites at the Battle of the Col di Lana.

In later years, Ernesto Nathan from 1917 to 1919 was again Grand Master of the Grand Lodge Grande Oriente d' Italia.

Nathan died in 1921 at the age of 76 years.

Works and writings

  • Intorno all'epistolario mazziniano, in " Rivista d' Italia ", XIX ( 1916), 12, p. 841-850.
  • Le diobolaire e lo stato. Quadro di costumi regolamentari, Roma, Forzani, 1887.
  • Commemorazione del natalizio di Giuseppe Mazzini, 22 giugno 1890. Discorso, Urbino, Tip. Righi, 1890.
  • Discorso di Ernesto Nathan pronunciato nel teatro Rossini di Pesaro il 16 novembre 1890, Pesaro, rod. Annesio Nobili, 1891 ( Pubblicazione del Comitato Provinciale per le radicale elezioni politiche ).
  • X aprile 1892. Discorso commemorativo pronunciato as Ernesto Nathan nel Teatro Comunale di Forli nella ricorrenza del della morte di II anniversario Aurelio Saffi, Forli, Tip. Lit Democrática, 1892 ( Pubblicazione del Circolo Giuseppe Mazzini, Forli ).
  • Discorso pronunciato nel Teatro Rossini di Pesaro il 23 ottobre 1892, Pesaro, rod. Tip. Annesio Nobili, 1892.
  • La societa Dante Allighieri [sic ]. Conferenza tenuta in Viterbo il Giorno 29 maggio 1892 ( Comitato della Viterbese societa Dante Allighieri ), Viterbo, Tip. Soc. Agnesotti e C., 1894.
  • Il presente dovere by Ernesto Nathan, Edizione 2nd ed con pref., Roma, Commissione editrice degli scritti di Giuseppe Mazzini, 1895 ( Tip. Federico Ricci ).
  • Il compito massonico. Discorso inaugurale del Gran maestro Ernesto Nathan alla Conferenza massonica nazionale di Torino, 20 settembre 1898, Roma, rod. Tip. Giuseppe Civelli, 1898.
  • L'opera massonica nel triennio 1896-99. Relazione del gran maestro Ernesto Nathan. 20 settembre 1899, Roma, rod. tip. Civelli, 1899.
  • Due lettere del Gran Maestro Nathan E. e del Sov. Gran Commendatore A. Lemmi. Discorso del Fratello Oratore Ernesto Orrei inaugurandosi il nuovo Tempio delle RR. LL. Rienzi ed Universo, Roma, rod. Civelli, 1900.
  • La massoneria: azione sua, suoi fini. Conferenza del Gran maestro E. Nathan, Roma, stabilimento tipografico Civelli, 1901 ( Tenuta della sede all'inaugurazione massonica in Roma aprile 21 1901).
  • Roma e il 20 settembre. Conferenza di Ernesto Nathan, Roma, rod. Tip. Civelli, 1902.
  • Il bivio, Roma, Nuova Antologia, 1904.
  • Vent'anni di vita italiana attraverso all ' " Annuario ". Note e commenti, Roma Torino, Roux e Viarengo, 1904.
  • Pel centenario di Giuseppe Mazzini. Discorso di Ernesto Nathan tenuto il 22 giugno 1905 nell'Aula magna del Collegio Romano, Roma Torino, Roux e Viarengo, 1905.
  • La morale nell'insegnamento pubblico, Roma, Nuova antologia, in 1907.
  • La conquista della morale nella ricchezza: prolusione al corso di etica professional nel R. Istituto di studi commerciali di Roma, Torino Roma, Societa Editrice Internazionale - Tipografico, in 1907.
  • Per il centenario della birth di Giuseppe Garibaldi. Commemorazione massonica di Ernesto Nathan tenuta al Teatro Adriano il luglio 3, 1907, Roma, F. Centenari & C., in 1907.
  • Roma papale a Roma italiana. Discorso commemorativo del 20 settembre 1910, Roma, Tip. F. Centenari, 1910.
  • Giuseppe Mazzini. Discorso pronunziato in Campidoglio il 10 marzo 1911, Sl, sn, 1911 (ma: Roma, Tipografia editrice nazionale ).
  • Vittorio Emanuele 2: discorso pronunziato in Campidoglio il 4 giugno 1911, Sl, sn, 1911 stampa (ma: Roma, Editrice Nazionale tip. ).
  • Del Congresso e della pace, Roma, Nuova Antologia della Direzione, 1916.
  • Intorno all'Epistolario mazziniano, Roma, Tip. Unione Ed. , 1916.
  • Relazione R. del Commissario generale italiano per la Esposizione Internazionale Panama Pacifico, di s Francisco, a s E. Il Ministro di agricoltura, Industria e commercio sen. Giannetto Cavasola, Roma, Tip. Nazionale di G. Bertero e C., 1916.
  • La terza Roma, Roma, Nuova antologia, 1916.
  • Il presente dovere: discorso pronunciato al Teatro Costanzi in Roma il 4 marzo 1917 Roma, Tip. Nazionale, Bertero, 1917.
  • Giuseppe Mazzini: Conferenza al Teatro Carlo Felice di Genova il 26 marzo 1917, Genova, Libr Ed. Moderna, 1917 ( Tip. Sociale ).
  • La massoneria, la guerra ei loro fini: discorso tenuto al teatro Costanzi di Roma il 21 aprile 1918 Milano Societa Dante Alighieri edi trice, 1918.
  • L' insidioso contagio delle parole il bolscevismo, Roma, Nuova Antologia, 1919.
  • La terza Italia: quale fu, e, e sarà, Firenze, R. Bemporad, 1919.

References and Notes

Palace of Justice, Rome Integrated Authority File
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