Ernst Otto Beckmann
Ernst Otto Beckmann ( born July 4, 1853 in Solingen, † July 13, 1923 in Berlin) was a German chemist.
Life
The son of the factory owner Friedrich Wilhelm Beckmann and Julie Keusendorf had attended grammar school of his native city and the Royal Grammar School in Leipzig. After leaving school he trained as a pharmacy assistant and worked for Remigius Fresenius in Elberfeld, Arolsen, Leipzig, Cologne and Wiesbaden. In 1875 he entered the University of Leipzig to study pharmacy and chemistry. After graduating in 1876, the pharmaceutical state examination, he was in 1878 received his doctorate of philosophy. In 1879 he became an assistant in the laboratory of Robert Otto at the Technical University Braunschweig and his habilitation in 1882 in chemistry and pharmacy.
In 1884 he returned to Hermann Kolbe as a lecturer to Leipzig, where he received in 1890 as an associate professor of physical chemistry itself. In 1890 Beckmann was inducted into the Leopoldina. In 1891, he moved in the same capacity at the University of Giessen, in 1892 a full professor at the University of Erlangen and director of the State Research Institute for Food and Beverage. In 1897 he returned as a full professor and director of the Laboratory of Applied Chemistry in Leipzig. After several offers from various technical institutes, he emerged in 1912 as the first director of the newly founded Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Chemistry in Berlin -Dahlem, where, among others, Richard Martin Willstätter, Lise Meitner and Otto Hahn were his scientific staff.
From its closed on March 20, 1887 marriage to Bertha, daughter of the slate quarry owner and secret Kommerzienrat Karl Oertel and his wife Emilie Dürr, the daughter Erna and the sons Karl and Helmert are known.
Work
Beckmann's special subjects were food chemistry, the chemistry of essential oils, studies of Isometrieverhältnisse of Oximidoverbindungen ( oximes ), and studies on the training of physico-chemical methods of work. His name is present, with the Beckmann rearrangement, the intramolecular rearrangement of ketoximes into substituted amides, the Beckmann thermometer, the pelvic Manni 's freezing and Siedeapperaten until today in chemistry and chemical literature. The Beckmann rearrangement is still used today in the chemical industry for the production of ε - caprolactam from cyclohexanone oxime in the course of production of Perlon. His literary work includes many technical papers in journals of his time and some books.
The German Chemical Society in 2009 praised his work within the program Historic Sites of Chemistry in a plaque at the Old Chemical Institute in Leipzig.
Works
- About the oxidation of dialkyl sulfides and related compounds. 1878
- The neubegrundete Laboratory of Applied Chemistry at the University of Leipzig. 1899 2009
- New elements for color non-luminous flame ( Spectral ). 1901
- John Wislicenus. 1905
- Studies ebullioscopic determination of molecular weights. 1907
- Studies on sulfur, selenium and tellurium. 1913
- Chemical provisions of the nutritional value of wood and straw: common tests with W. Lenz and E. Bark. 1914
- Methods of test for air content of combustible materials: common tests with Kurt Steglich. 1914
- A process for producing a feed of straw: from patented in the German Empire from February 2, 1919; Reich Patent Office Patent No. 354 822, 53g class, group 4 ( B88 353 IV / 53g ). 1919
- Device for the transmission of light signals secret. 1920
- Physico-chemical characterization of the lignin from winter rye straw. 1921
- Extension of ebullioscopy and its application to binary mixtures: a theoretical part. 1921
- The refinement of grain straw and lupins to high quality feed. 1921
- For Hofmann degradation of amides to amines. 1922