Errors, freaks, and oddities

Under variant is defined as a deviation from the case of stamps printing, perforation or gumming of the intended result.

• 2.1 Teilzähnungen
• 2.2 Verzähnungen
• 2.3 size differences

Printing Errors

Poor copy

A set-off is an laterally inverted more or less exactly upright imprint of the stamp image on the back of the stamp. A poor imitation may caused by the idling of printing presses his ( the next inlaid arches receive a print). In this case it is called imitation machines. This is always congruent with the image on the front. The second type of fives referred to as the philatelist bow imitation. This is caused by insufficient drying of the sheets during printing. The bow imitation is usually moved and not congruent with the stamp image on the front.

Overprint error

Imprints are made ​​to change the face value of a stamp or attach additional / amended information on an existing stamp issue. When printing on stamps often leads to errors. The most important are:

• Print to an incorrect value of a series ( confusion )
• Standing head imprints ( not facing the bow )
• Missing imprints
• Rubber side prints ( sheets inserted upside down )
• Double prints (see double pressure)
• Stark shifted overprints
• Set and disk errors (see disk errors )

Pressure gear failure

Due to a technical defect in the printing press, it may happen that one or more colors in the drawing are missing.

Double pressure

Double prints caused by two times passing the sheet through the printing machine. For double printing the second image is always shifted a little.

From 1948, it came at the expenses of the Federal Republic of Germany, Berlin and the GDR partially frequently happens that in multicolored stamps only one color was printed twice. These stamps are, however, often confused with the so-called Schmitz print and no longer BPP be checked.

Farbfehldruck

Under Farbfehldruck refers to the printing of a brand ( or part ) in a wrong color. It may also happen that the colors are printed in an incorrect sequence, so that new, highly divergent partly shades arise. Also occur relatively frequently color misprints on with shifted color. This is a single color z.T. shifted printed by a few millimeters. Is known here of the " Kingfisher with snow fur ", a stamp of Switzerland, in the color -shifted thanks to a mapped Kingfisher on the back shows a broad white stripe.

Rubber -sided printing

An already rubberized sheet is inserted incorrectly into the printing press. This causes the pressure of stamps happened on the rubber side.

Standing head pressure

From an upside-down pressure is when a part of the stamp was upside down placed in the pressure plate ( eg aircraft ) and this part is also on the stamp on the head ( airplane flying upside-down ).

Watermark variety

Under a watermark variety refers to the pressure of the stamps on a paper with a watermark, which was not provided for this edition, as well as incorrect positions of a watermark ( eg upside down) on a designated stamp issue. The most famous watermark variety of German stamps is probably the so -called four - pass watermark from the inflationary period of the German Empire.

Zähnungsabarten

Teilzähnungen

Due to a defective Zähnungsmaschine it may happen that one or more sides of a stamp imperforated stay. It is relatively common that individual tooth holes are not punched (so-called blind teeth).

Verzähnungen

Through sloppy and inaccurate inserting the already printed stamps in the Zähnungsmaschine it comes to smaller or larger perforation varieties. This means that the perforation does not proceed to the intended therefor places but sometimes through the middle of the stamp.

Size differences

Particularly in the area of the German Empire in the Pfennige/Pfennig- and the crown / eagle series, there were some massive differences in size of the individual brands, where you basically distinguishes between four different varieties narrow, narrowed, widened and wide.

Printing Committee

Normally such brands be sorted out. It is very rare these stamps can slip through the controls. To print Committee mainly include special features such as folded-over sheet of paper, foreign object in the press varieties produced etc.