Erwin Ackerknecht

Erwin Heinz plowman ( born June 1, 1906 in Stettin, † November 18, 1988 in Zurich ), pseudonym Eugen Bauer, in the 1930s was one of the leaders of the German Trotskyists and later an internationally renowned and leading medical historian who in the history of medicine socio- - cultural and ethnological context considered. Plowman, the German citizenship had been revoked by the Nazis, in 1948 citizens of the United States.

Life

After the Nazi seizure of power, first in illegality active, he left in early June 1933 decision of the IS Germany; he went to Czechoslovakia, visited Trotsky on Prinkipo and then settled in Paris. Plowman headed the Foreign Committee of the International Communists of Germany ( IKD ) and was editor of Our Word; inter alia, he was responsible for contacts with the Socialist Workers Party of Germany ( SAPD ) (especially to Jacob Walcher ) responsible. The orientation on the development of new communist parties, he refused at first; just as he opposed the proposed by Trotsky recording of Ruth Fischer and Arkadi Maslow in the ICD. In the fall of 1934, it came over the disputed among the followers of Trotsky " French turn", the entry of the Ligue Communiste in the ( French Socialist ) SFIO to fracture. Plowman left the IKD; In March 1935 he became a member of the SAPD, in which he later (along with Walter Fabian and Peter Blach stone) formed a leftist opposition flow, which opposed the participation of the SAPD on the German ( exile ) Popular Front. Ruled in February 1937 from the SAPD, he and his followers were joined by the magazine New way an organizationally independent group dedicated to the London office (or its successors ).

In 1938, plowman 's political work entirely and studied in Paris ethnology at the Musée de l'Homme, with specialist diploma in 1939. In France 1939/40, interned, he succeeded in 1941, emigration to the United States. After he first worked as a packer and nurses there, he was appointed in 1942 to the Institute of Medical History, Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore as an assistant to his father also emigrated Doctor Henry E. Sigerist. In 1945 he found a job at the American Museum of Natural History in New York. He later became a noted medical historian; 1947 to 1957 he taught as a professor at the University of Wisconsin in Madison, after which he worked, as the successor of the late Milt Bernhard, until his retirement in 1971 at the University of Zurich as full professor and director of the Medical History Institute and Museum. Successor in the chair in Zurich was Huldrych M. Koelbing.

Services

Under arable servant leadership, the Zurich Institute won by a lively publishing activity worldwide reputation. Plowman recognized as a productive researcher, as well as humorous and witty teacher diseases, medicine and doctors as a function of social, cultural, ethnological or political factors. Under his tenure in 1968 Hans H. Walser and Esther Fischer- Homberger habilitated in 1972 for the area of the history of medicine. In addition, designed and added plowman an existing collection of historical medical objects according to the didactic point and extended it to the Medical History Museum, which he made permanently accessible to the public. As written by him standard works shall, inter alia, a biography of Rudolf Virchow and the Short History of Medicine. He founded the Zurich medical historical treatises. His scientific work includes 300 publications; Only in Zurich, he supervised 155 theses, among others, by Charles E. Rosenberg. According to the Funeral and Cemetery Office of the City of Zurich his grave is listed among the celebrities graves (cemetery Zurich - Manegg ).

Awards

As Awards plowman received the William H. Welch Medal ( 1972), the Order of Academic Palms of the Republic of France (1965 ), the Grand Cross of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (1983 ) and the Dr. hc the Universities of Bern (1976 ) and Geneva (1978). He was a member and honorary member of many scientific societies.

Works

  • Contributions to the History of Medizinalreform of 1848. Leipzig 1931 ( dissertation)
  • Austria, a lesson for all. Prague in 1934 ( under the pseudonym Eugen Bauer)
  • Rudolf Virchow: Doctor, Statesman, Anthropologist. Madison 1953 ( dt.1957 Stuttgart)
  • A Short History of Psychiatry. Stuttgart 1957, 3/ 1985 ( engl.1959 )
  • Short History of Medicine. Stuttgart 1959, 7/ 1992 ( engl.1955, 3/1982 Baltimore)
  • History and geography of the major diseases. Stuttgart 1963 ( engl.1965 New York)
  • The kingdom of Asclepius. A History of Medicine in objects. (German & English). Bern / Stuttgart 1963, 2/1966
  • Therapy of the primitives to the 20th century. Stuttgart 1970 ( engl. 1973, Hafner Press New York )
  • Medicine and Ethnology, Selected Essays (edited by HH Walser and HM Koelbing ). Bern 1971
  • Brief history of the great Swiss doctors. Bern / Stuttgart / Vienna 1975 ( together with Heinrich Buess )
Trotskyism Communist Party of Germany Socialist Workers' Party of Germany Madison (Wisconsin) Gesnerus Integrated Authority File
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