Erythroxylaceae

Coca shrub ( Erythroxylum coca ), illustration

The Rotholzgewächse ( Erythroxylaceae ) are a family of plants in order of Malpighienartigen ( Malpighiales ). The best-known representative of the family is the Coca bush ( Erythroxylum coca ).

  • 4.1 Notes and references

Description

Vegetative characteristics

These woody plants grow as small trees or shrubs.

The most well-developed, articulated in petiole and leaf blade leaves are usually alternate and spirally arranged rare against constantly on branch. The simple leaf blades are herbaceous to membranous with smooth leaf margins. Sometimes the branches are also additionally two lines covered with leaves reduced to scales. Stipules are present.

Generative features

The flowers are individually together in the leaf axils or pendant, frets then inflorescences.

The small, mostly hermaphrodite flowers are radial symmetry and fünfzählig double perianth ( perianth ). Few species dioecious getrenntgeschlechtig ( dioecious | dioecious ). The five sepals are free or fused. The five petals are free or partially fused and can scales ( ligules ) possess. There are two circles, each with five fertile stamens present. The three-cell pollen grains have three apertures and are colporat zonorat to almost. Three carpels are rarely grow into a permanent top ( syncarp ) two - or mostly dreikammerigen ovary. Each ovary chamber contains only one hanging ovule axilärer or apical placentation. There are rarely two, usually three free up to partially intergrown pen available. It usually results from heterostyly.

They are usually one-seeded, fleshy stone fruit at the base nor the sepals and stamens are present.

The basic chromosome number is x = 12

Ingredients

There alkaloids were detected. At anthocyanidins cyanidin and is available in flavonoids kaempferol and quercetin. Saponins may be present. The seeds contain starch.

Dissemination

They have a pantropical distribution. With areas of the subtropics to the tropics: With about 200 species, they have the focus of biodiversity in South America.

System

Within the order of Malpighiales the Erythroxylaceae with the Rhizophoraceae are most closely related.

This family was erected in 1822 by Karl Sigismund Kunth in Nova Genera et Species Plantarum, 4th Edition, 5, p 175 under the name " Erythroxyleae ". Type genus Erythroxylum is P.Browne. A synonym for Erythroxylaceae Kunth is Nectaropetalaceae ( Winkler ) Exell & Mendonça.

In the family of Rotholzgewächse ( Erythroxylaceae ), there are four genera with about 300 species:

  • Erythroxylum P.Browne: Often the stamens of the two circles are of different lengths and fused at their base. Some species contain a milky exudate. With about 230 to 250 species (selection): Coca bush ( Erythroxylum coca Lam. ): To obtain the drug coca leaf and cocaine as a further processed product: Bolivian or Huanuco Coca: Erythroxylum coca var coca
  • Amazon Coca: Erythroxylum coca var ipadu Plowman
  • Colombian Coca: Erythroxylum novogranatense var novogranatense
  • Trujillo - Coca: Erythroxylum novogratense var truxillense ( Rusby ) Plowman
  • Nectaropetalum zuluense ( Schönland ) Corbishley; it is found in South Africa

Taxa of the former family Nectaropetalaceae now belong to the family of Erythroxylaceae.

Swell

  • The Erythroxylaceae in APWebsite family. ( Section systematics and description)
  • The Erythroxylaceae at DELTA by L. Watson & MJ Dallwitz family. ( Description section )
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