Escalloniaceae

Escallonia macrantha

The Escalloniaceae, rarely mentioned Eskalloniengewächse, are the only plant family of the order Escalloniales within the angiosperms. The species of this family are found on Reunion Island, in the eastern Himalayas, from southern China to northeastern Australia and New Zealand, Central and South America. The family comprises seven to nine genera with about 130 species. Escallonia species and their varieties are used as ornamental plants in parks and gardens; they are not hardy in Central Europe.

  • 3.1 Notes and references
  • 4.1 External links

Description

Vegetative characteristics

It is a very diverse family. Most species grow as trees or self erect shrubs, or rarely as annual herbaceous plants ( Eremosyne ). All plant parts are smooth. They are usually evergreen. The alternate and spiral, opposite or whorled ( Tribeles australis) arranged leaves are petiolate, simple, herbaceous to leathery or fleshy. They have a Fiedernervatur. The leaf margins are lobed notched, serrated or toothed glandular- up more or less. Stipules absent.

Generative features

The flowers are in lateral or terminal, racemose inflorescences zymösen or together. In Tribeles australis the small flowers are terminal and individually. There are bracts present.

The hermaphroditic, flowers are radial symmetry ( four to nine ) usually fünfzählig with double perianth. The (four to nine ) most durable five sepals overlap dachziegelig or just touch and may be free or fused. The (four to nine ) are usually five petals are usually free; or Roehrig grown with only a short corolla tube and significantly longer Kronlappen. The sometimes nailed petals overlap dachziegelig or just touching. It is a discus available. There are one or two loops each (four to six) usually five free stamens present. Only one channel (it is the inner) contains fertile stamens; when a second is present, it consists of staminodes. There are a upright to six, top - up under constant carpels present. They are free or adherent to an ovary. In each carpel one to many bitegmische ovules are present. It is a long and six pens available, terminating in a small scar.

Are formed capsule fruits or berries, which often contain many seeds. Anopterus has winged seeds. The embryo is long.

System

The Escalloniales be made within the asteroids in the group of Euasteriden II, but their exact location is not yet known. Maybe she is the sister group of the Asterales or all Euasteriden II with the exception of Asterales and Aquifoliales.

The family name was Escalloniaceae 1829 by Robert Brown in Barthélemy Charles Joseph Dumortier: Analysis of familles des plantes, ...: 35, released 37. Type genus is Escallonia Mutis ex L. f.

After the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group III families Eremosynaceae, Polyosmaceae and Tribelaceae be included in the Escalloniaceae.

The Escalloniaceae family includes six to nine genera with about (if Polyosma not one of them, 70 to ) 130 species:

  • Anopterus Labill. Having two kinds: one in Australia (New South Wales and Queensland ) and one in Tasmania.
  • Eremosyne Endl.
  • Escallonia Mutis ex L. f: mainly with about 40 species in the South American Andes.
  • Forgesia Comm. ex Juss. It occurs only on Réunion.
  • Polyosma flower: with about 60 species in the eastern Himalayas, southern China to the north-eastern Australia and New Caledonia. It makes for some authors own family Polyosmaceae.
  • Tribeles Phil
  • Valdivia Gay ex J. Rémy: The home is Chile.

Swell

  • Escalloniaceae on the APWebsite - Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. ( Section systematics and description)
  • Escalloniaceae at DELTA by L. Watson & MJ Dallwitz. ( Description section )
  • GJ Harden: Escalloniaceae in New South Wales Flora Online.
  • MF Duretto: Escalloniaceae in the Flora of Tasmania Online, 2009 ( section systematics and description).
  • Alastair Culham: Escalloniaceae. In: Vernon H. Heywood, Richard K. Brummitt, Alastair Culham, Ole Seberg (ed.): Flowering Plant Families of the World. Firefly Books, Buffalo, NY 2007, ISBN 978-1-55407-206-4, pp. 143-144.
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