Esslingen (district)
The district of Esslingen is a district in Baden- Württemberg. It belongs to the Stuttgart Region in the Region of Stuttgart. The Esslingen district is bordered to the north by the Rems- Murr district, on the east by the district of Göppingen, to the south by the district of Reutlingen, on the west by the district of Böblingen and to the northwest by the urban district of Stuttgart.
- 4.1 Kreistag
- 4.2 District
- 4.3 Coat of Arms
- 5.1 Economics
- 5.2 traffic 5.2.1 airport
- 5.2.2 Public transport
- 5.2.3 private transport
- 6.1 Cities and Towns before the district reform
Geography
The district of Esslingen, is divided from the Neckar which enters from the southwest coming into the district area into two parts. The western part comprises mainly the Filderstadt Plateau, the eastern part has a part in the foothills of the Swabian Alb and the virgin forest (part of the Swabian- Franconian hill country ). In the district the Fils opens in Plochingen into the Neckar, of the circle leaving that territory in the direction of Stuttgart in Esslingen- Mettingen again. The water level of the river Neckar at Mettingen is 229 m above sea level. NN represents the lowest point of the district, the 830 m above sea level. NN highest point is located in the Brucker Hölzle in Bissingen - Ochsenwang.
The list of places in the district of Esslingen contains about 185 places ( towns, villages, hamlets, farms, residential places) in the Esslingen, unless they are geographically separated.
Nature
The district of Esslingen has the following protected areas:
History
The district of Esslingen goes back to the old Württemberg Oberamt Essling, which was built in 1803 according to transition the former free imperial city of Esslingen in Württemberg. Throughout history it has been changed several times. From 1810 it belonged to the bailiwick of Rothenberg and from 1818 to the Neckar district, which was dissolved in 1924. 1934, the upper office was renamed in district of Esslingen, and according to the law of the land division of 24 April 1938, the nunmehrige district of Esslingen was extended to October 1, 1938 to some communities of the defunct Office Oberamts Stuttgart and the circles Schorndorf, Kirchheim unter Teck and Göppingen.
On October 16, 1964, the State Government approved the change in the previous case in the present notation the district of Esslingen.
In the district reform on 1 January 1973 the district of Esslingen has been increased by the county Nürtingen (without Grafenberg ). 1975 saw the addition of the two places Leinfelden and Musberg from Böblingen. He reached its current dimensions. After completion of the municipal reform of the district of Esslingen still includes 44 municipalities, including 13 cities and of these, in turn, six large district towns ( Esslingen am Neckar, Filderstadt, Kirchheim unter Teck, Leinfelden, Nürtingen and Ostfildern ). The largest town of the district is Esslingen am Neckar, the smallest municipality is Altdorf near Nürtingen. 1980 German right-wing extremists perpetrated the German Action Groups a bomb blow to the District Office Esslingen as well as the residence of the chief administrative officer.
Population Development
The population figures are census results (¹) or official updates by the State Statistical Office of Baden- Württemberg ( only primary residences ). The population trend before 1973 includes the sum of the population and the communities that today are part of the Esslingen district, earlier but other administrative units (upper offices, districts ) were assigned.
With about 515,000 inhabitants of the district of Esslingen is based on the population in sixth place in Germany, just behind the district of Ludwigsburg that ousted him in the first quarter of 2007 from the fifth position.
Policy
The district is administered by the county council and the district administration.
Council
The district council is elected by the voters in the district for 5 years. The municipal election held on 7 June 2009 yielded the following distribution of seats ( unchanged 100 seats):
District
The council elects the District for a term of 8 years. This is the legal representative and the representative of the district as well as Chairman of the County Council and its committees, but shall have no vote in the committees. He directs the district office and is an official of the circle.
His area of responsibility includes the preparation of the district council meetings and its committees. He shall convene meetings, directs this and implements the decisions taken there. His deputy is the first state officials.
The chief official of the former men Oberamts Eßlingen 1803-1938 are presented in the article Oberamt Eßlingen. The chief official of the former men Oberamts Nürtingen 1805-1938 are presented in the article Oberamt Nürtingen. The district administrators of the former county Nürtingen 1938 to 1973 are shown in the products County Nürtingen.
Coat of arms
The coat of arms of the district of Esslingen shows in gold over a black and gold with oblique divisions gerau ended ( awakened ) sign foot a red armored and red tongue black eagle, topped with a golden bugle to golden fetter. The coat of arms was the district of Esslingen awarded on August 13, 1975 by the Ministry of Economy Baden -Württemberg.
The coat of arms was taken from the heraldic symbols of the former counties or lordships. The eagle symbolizes the former free imperial city of Esslingen, diamonds and bugle been taken from the old county coat of arms of Nürtingen, the diamonds the rule Teck ( inter alia town of Kirchheim unter Teck ) symbolize the city Nürtingen and the hunting horn.
Before the district reform of the (old ) district of Esslingen had a different coat of arms. It was in gold under a lying black deer rod has a red armored black eagle, whose chest was covered with three juxtaposed green labels. This coat of arms was the district of Esslingen awarded on October 1st 1951 by the provincial government of Württemberg -Baden. The eagle was the former imperial city of Esslingen, the deer rack on the membership of Württemberg and the three labels indicate the three landscapes in the district ( virgin forest, Filderstadt and Neckar ).
See also: List of coats of arms in the district of Esslingen
Economy and infrastructure
Economy
The employment- intensive industries in the district of Esslingen according to information from the State Statistical Office:
- Vehicle manufacturing with 14,500 workers
- Health, veterinary and social services with 13,100 employees.
- Mechanical engineering with 23,300 employees
- Business-related services with 14,100 employees
Traffic
Airport
The Stuttgart airport is located on the eastern edge of the urban area of Leinfelden. The start and runways are mostly located in the district of Filderstadt- Bernhausen.
Public transport
From Stuttgart in 1845 reversed the later Wuerttemberg state railway to the city of Esslingen, 1846 until Plochingen and 1847 as Filsbahn to Albüberquerung towards Geislingen -Ulm.
From Plochingen 1859 the Neckar -Alb -Bahn joined along to Nürtingen -Reutlingen am Neckar. From this chain 1864 in Wendlingen (then Unterboihingen ) the Teckbahn from the Kirchheimer Railway Company, which was extended in 1899 by the state railway to Oberlenningen. Another, now disused, branch line was opened in 1908 railway Kirchheim ( Teck ) South Weilheim ( Teck ).
The Tälesbahn Nürtingen - Neuffen heard since its opening in 1900 the Württemberg Railway Company.
On the situated on the southern border of Stuttgart Fildern a diverse transportation system that Filderbahn Society developed in more than one hundred years. The 1989-1993 commissioned in S- Bahn (S2 and S3) to Stuttgart Airport used in Leinfelden partly the route of the opened in 1920 by the Deutsche Reichsbahn line Vaihingen - Echterdingen, Leinfelden a strand of wild book branched off of the 1928. In the fall of 2001, the range of S2 was extended from the airport to Filderstadt- Bernhausen.
In Echterdingen you continued the line Möhringen - Neuhausen, which had been built by the Filderbahn Society in 1897 and 1902 meter gauge converted to standard gauge. The section Möhringen -Echterdingen was replaced by a compound Möhringen Leinfelden, built in 1928 as electric interurban railway in meter gauge and new - has been extended until Echterdingen site - parallel to the standard gauge train to Neuhausen. Since 1990, instead of Stuttgart runs a standard gauge rail ( U5 ) only to Leinfelden Station, which carries on the S-Bahn.
In Esslingen Esslingen tram was opened in 1912 on the Neckar, which connect to the network of the Stuttgart trams produced (SSB ) 1919. It has been replaced in 1944 by the trolleybus Esslingen am Neckar. In 1926 there was the tram Esslingen -Nellingen - Denkendorf to which also drove up to 1978 on the Filderstadt height; Nellingen to Neuhausen -chain since 1929 from another line.
In the field of railways only two shorter sections, were shut down:
In 2000, the city railway Stuttgart -Nellingen was opened by the SSB.
Is responsible for the public transport of Transport and Tariff Association Stuttgart ( VVS).
Private transport
Through the district area into east-west direction, the Federal Highway 8 Stuttgart -Ulm. The main highways are the B 10 Stuttgart- Ulm, B 27 Stuttgart -Tübingen, the B 312 Airport Reutlingen and the B 313 Plochingen -Reutlingen.
County facilities
The district of Esslingen is Schulträger following vocational schools: Friedrich- Ebert- School (Business School ) Esslingen, John F. Kennedy School ( Commercial School ) Esslingen, Käthe -Kollwitz -Schule ( school home economics ) Esslingen, Max Eyth school (Business School ) Kirchheim unter Teck, Jakob Friedrich Schöllkopf School ( Commercial School ) Kirchheim unter Teck, Philipp Matthäus Hahn School ( Industrial School ) Nürtingen, Otto- Umfrid School ( Industrial School ) Nürtingen, Albert Schäffle School ( Commercial School ) Nürtingen and Fritz Ruoff School ( home Economics and Agricultural School ) Nürtingen, also the pipe fields schools Esslingen (schools for the mentally disabled, physically handicapped and speech impaired in each case with school kindergarten and school for sick children in prolonged hospital treatment), the Bodelschwinghschule for mentally handicapped Nürtingen with school kindergarten. In Dettingen unter Teck another school for the mentally and speech impaired is being built with school kindergarten.
The district of Esslingen gGmbH is also partner of the Esslingen district clinics. This company has been awarded the Paracelsus Hospital Ruit in Ostfildern -Ruit and Klinikum Kirchheim- Nürtingen - Plochingen with the three hospital sites Kirchheim unter Teck, Nürtingen and Plochingen. The Paracelsus Hospital Ruit is an academic teaching hospital of the University of Tübingen.
Cities and Towns
Agreed administrative Communities and local government associations
Cities and Towns before the district reform
Before the district reform on 1 January 1973 and before the municipal reform were part of the ( old ) district of Esslingen since 1938 a total of 33 communities, including two cities. 1938 had been formed, which in 1968 was raised to town from the communities Pfauhausen Steinbach and the community Wernau (Neckar ). 1942, the municipalities Plieningen and Birkach were incorporated into the city of Stuttgart.
On March 7, 1968, the parliament of Baden -Württemberg has paved the way for a church reform. The Act to Strengthen the administrative power of smaller communities, it was possible that smaller communities could voluntarily unite to form larger communities. The first in the old district of Esslingen made on 1 January 1971 the municipalities Hegenlohe and Thomashardt that united to form the new municipality of Wood. In the following years the number of municipalities decreased steadily. All remaining municipalities in the old district of Esslingen went on in the new enlarged Esslingen district on 1 January 1973.
Largest parish of the old district of Esslingen was the county town of Esslingen am Neckar, which in 1956 was large district since April 1, smallest municipality was Thomashardt.
The old district of Esslingen included last an area of 253 km ² and had at the 1970 census, a total of 251 141 inhabitants.
Population development of the old district of Esslingen until 1970. All population figures are census results.
The following is a list of communities in the old district of Esslingen in front of the municipal reform. All parishes are still for the district of Esslingen.