Esztergom

Esztergom [ ɛstɛrgom ] (Latin Solva, Gran German, Slovak Ostrihom Latinized, Strigonium ) is a city in northern Hungary ( Komárom- Esztergom ), located on the Danube. Previously it was the capital of Hungary. The Danube forms the border with Slovakia, where the sister city Štúrovo is.

History

Esztergom is one of the oldest towns in Hungary. The first known settlers were Celts of the late La Tène period ( 150 BC -. 30/0v BC) on the distinctive towering Castle Hill. After the occupation of the country, the Romans built a fort at the same place with a lying around the mountain settlement and named the place Solva mansio After the migration period settled in the ruins of the fort Slavs. Said now, among other things Ostrihom or Latinized Strigonium place was one of the key fortresses of the Principality of Nitra and Great Moravia. Your German Name Gran derived from the names of rivers Hron (Gran ), which opens across from Esztergom in the Danube.

After the arrival of the Magyars in the area, at the beginning of the 10th century, Esztergom was towards the end of the same century seat of the Grand Prince Géza and then to the end of the 12th century one of the headquarters of Hungarian rulers. After the great Slavic uprising taught 983 Emperor Otto III. ( 980-1002 ) 1001/1002 the archbishopric of Gran for the Christianization of the country, the territorially to the 18th century largely of present-day Slovakia has complied with and as the church's main province of the Kingdom of Hungary was - the Archbishop of Gran bore the title Primate of Hungary. Almost simultaneously with the creation of the diocese was Stephen I 1000/1001 crowned King of Hungary. On the Castle Hill, the first royal palace, which included a Christian basilica was built. Under Stephen I and the county Gran was

When the city from 1543 to 1683 part of the Ottoman Empire was, was Trnava ( Trnava ) ( but factually Pressburg ( Bratislava) ) of the Archbishop of Esztergom seat. Beginning of the 18th century came the archbishop returned to Esztergom. After the liberation from the Turks, the city was devastated and had to be repopulated. The large number of these settlers consisted of Germans and Slovaks.

Until 1708, the city was declared a free royal city.

Attractions

In the city there is an important archive and museum with documents and images mainly from the territory of Slovakia, but also the rest of the Kingdom of Hungary and Austria. The city is dominated by the 1838 - 1846 by the architect József Hild established and largest classical basilica of the country, the Assumption Cathedral and St. Adalbert, one of the largest churches in Europe, which is widely visible on the castle hill. It is the largest Catholic cathedral in Hungary with a Renaissance chapel, which is affiliated to the Basilica. The Basilica is also caput, mater et magistra ecclesiarum Hungariae (home, mother and teacher of Hungarian churches ) called.

The Danube bridge connecting Esztergom with Štúrovo (Slovakia ), was blown up by German troops in World War II and until 2001 was impassable. In 2000, work began on reconstruction, which has been completed in 2001, and since then run between the neighboring communities of no more ferries. The Maria Valeria bridge now serves again as a regional border crossing to Slovakia. (see List of Danube Bridges ).

Facilities

De jure is Esztergom, the seat of the Hungarian Constitutional Court ( Magyarország Alkotmánybírósága ).

Economy

The Japanese Suzuki Motor Corporation founded in 1991, the Hungarian subsidiary Magyar Suzuki Zrt. in Esztergom region and built a branch factory for the production of small cars.

Churches in Esztergom

  • Cathedral of Esztergom
  • St. Stephen ( Szent István or Kertvárosi templom )
  • Ferenc Temple
  • St. Anne's Church
  • St. Peter and Paul ( Belvárosi templom )
  • St. George ( Szentgyörgymezei templom )
  • Church in the city of water with the Catholic Museum
  • Greek Orthodox Church
  • Synagogue
  • Eh St. Adalbert (destroyed)

Traffic

Esztergom has a small, mostly private use airport and a port on the Danube. In Esztergom also operate 632 buses daily. The train service in the city is also important, since it ends a regional line from Budapest.

Regular events

  • Esztergom International Guitar Festival
  • Fesztergom
  • Jazztergom

Twin Cities

  • Finland Espoo, Finland since 1974
  • Štúrovo Slovakia, Slovakia since 1991
  • Germany Bamberg, Germany since 1992
  • France Cambrai, France since 1992
  • Germany Ehingen (Donau), Germany since 1992
  • Germany Main Valley, Germany since July 18, 1993
  • Poland Gniezno, Poland since 1994
  • Austria Mariazell, Austria since May 6, 2002

Personalities

  • Stephen I (969-1038), first king of Hungary and the country's national saint
  • Eusebius of Esztergom (1200-1270), founder of the Paulist Order
  • Johann Vitez (1408-1472), Croatian bishop and humanist
  • Tamás Bakócz (1442-1521), Hungarian cardinal and politician
  • Bálint Balassa (1554-1594), Hungarian poet
  • Peter Baron Karl Ott of Bátorkéz (1738-1809), Austrian field marshal lieutenant.
  • Mihály Babits (1883-1941), writer
  • Tamás Hajnal ( b. 1981 ), football player in the German Bundesliga
  • Gábor Tarkövi, trumpet soloist of the Berlin Philharmonic
  • Tamás Velenczei, trumpet soloist of the Berlin Philharmonic
Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor Stephen I of Hungary Minor basilica Maintal Canterbury England János Vitéz (bishop) A Pallas Nagy Lexikona
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