Ethos
The term ethos (Greek ἔθος " habit, custom, custom "; ἦθος " character, disposition, Custom, custom, habit " ) refers to language education the moral disposition of a person, a community or a particular social group ( occupational group, school, etc. ). The Duden defines ethos as " the consciousness of moral values embossed sentiment " or " general attitude "; as " ethical awareness " or as ethics in the sense of the totality of moral norms and principles, which lie a ( responsible ) setting based. The ethos is thus in the synonym field of " morality, sense of duty, sense of duty, devotion to duty, morality, responsibility, sense of responsibility; ( language education ) ethics, morality ".
As a philosophical term that refers to the ethos of the individual prior and his influence on a life habit. The ethics as a philosophical discipline tries to justify a particular ethos or critically reflect on a perfect.
The ethos is not only for the behavior of individuals, but also for the structure of moral behaviors of the social institution in which he lives - objectively as custom subjectively as a character. Through the ethos of the unity of a particular social community is constituted, stabilized and demarcated from other communities.
In classical rhetoric according to Aristotle, ethos refers to one of the three modes of persuasion, namely, by the authority and credibility of the speaker. The other two are pathos ( rhetorical violence and emotional appeal ) and logos ( logic and reasoning ).
Not only in ancient Greece, but also in the Middle Ages the ethos of the modal scales described in the music, according to which the various modes are preferred because of their recognizable characteristics for certain forms of expression over and over again.