Étienne Tshisekedi

Étienne Tshisekedi wa Mulumba ( born December 14, 1932 in Luluabourg ) was several times Prime Minister of Zaire, now the Democratic Republic of Congo.

Political career

Tshisekedi was born in Luluabourg, now Kananga in Kasai - Occidental. He belongs to the youwill, the largest ethnic group of the Congo.

During his studies he joined Patrice Lumumba in 1958 Mouvement National Congolais Party (MNC ) to. In 1961 he received his degree in law at the University Lovanium in Leopoldville and was the first Congolese doctor of law. Previously, he was a member of the first already after Joseph -Désiré Mobutu's coup on September 20, 1960 formed the Collège des Commissaires, a provisional government, as Commissioner for Justice. From 1961 to 1965 he was rector of the National University of Law and Administration École Nationale de Droit et d'Administration ( ENDA ). He was also in 1964 worked for the Central Bank of Congo. After Mobutu's second coup on 25 November 1965 which launched his presidential lasting until 1997, he was Minister of the Interior in the government of Prime Minister General Léonard Mulamba, which took office on 28 November 1965. On August 16, 1968, he was in 1969 Minister of Planning, Research and science, according to a cabinet Minister of Justice and after the next Cabinet reshuffle on March 5.

In September 1969, he was Ambassador to Morocco. After his return in February 1971, he was a member of the Parliament from time to time as its vice president. In addition, he received positions in state-owned enterprises, such as the Air Zaire. In the early 1970s, he was Vice President of the Parliament.

Opposition

Since 1979, he emerged as a critic of Mobutu and has since been detained occasionally. Together with Faustin Birindwa he founded on 15 February 1982, the first underground party Union for Democracy and Social Progress ( Union pour la Démocratie et le Progres Social, UDPS ). A court sentenced to 15 years imprisonment Tshisekedi, in the next year but was dismissed again. The constant change of prison, dismissal and banishment or house arrest repeated in the years up to 1990. 1987 saw the UDPS forced part of the Mouvement Populaire de la Unity Party Révolution (MPR ) to be. The following year, the UDPS acted out of the ground.

Prime minister

1990 Mobutu was forced to introduce a multi-party system. Tshisekedi was born on September 29, 1991 for the first time Prime Minister and Finance Minister Birindwa. The government was dismissed by Mobutu again on 1 November 1991. A 1992 National Conference convened certain Tshisekedi on August 15, 1992 again as head of government. Tshisekedi complained during his two terms the disability of his government by Mobutu.

In spring 1993, Mobutu was able to bring Birindwa on his side and he was appointed on 29 March 1993 on the new prime minister. Tshisekedi did not accept his dismissal in February and thus there was until the beginning of 1994, two governments. Since Mobutu continued to control the security forces, the government Birindwa Tshisekedi and his ministers could oust from office. Just before Mobutu was forced after several years of civil war by Laurent -Désiré Kabila, Tshisekedi from office was April 2, 1997 for seven days for a third time prime minister, although as in the official times before with no real power. As the kindled in the extreme eastern Zaire by Kabila and the United States and France supported rebellion in the nucleus, especially on those Tutsi tribes supported, which came Tshisekedi mother, the Prime Minister treacherous inaction was accused, on the street called the mob whipped up his resignation.

More career

Under Kabila as he was repeatedly imprisoned briefly under Mobutu. The end of 1999 he went to Brussels into exile and returned on 23 April 2001. Tshisekedi continues to be chairman of the UDPS and is in constant opposition to the in January 2001 killed Laurent- Désiré Kabila as to whose son since incumbent Joseph Kabila. In December 2005, he sat down in vain for a boycott of the referendum for a new constitution. After 45 years have supported the new constitution in the first free vote 84.31 % of the voters, he said in January 2006 that his UDPS will not participate in the planned elections.

In 2011, Tshiskedi in the election in the Democratic Republic of Congo in 2011 in part as a presidential candidate.