Euphonium

Missing Infobox musical instrument / maintenance / Parameters Sound example: template

The Euphonium (Greek: euphonious ) is a deep brass instrument that belongs as the flugelhorn, tenor horn, baritone and the tuba because of its conical scale to the family of bugles.

• 5.1 United States
• 5.2 United Kingdom
• 5.3 Japan
• 5.4 Australia
• 5.5 New Zealand
• 5.6 Canada
• 5.7 Switzerland

History

The euphonium as a tenor and baritone voice developed from the Ophicleide, which emerged again from the Serpent.

When about 1813 Périnet valves were invented, in addition to the trumpet, the tenor trumpet bass was built, which became the flugelhorn. This instrument they built another form, the Tenor Horn.

1843 Euphonium was invented in order to get a deeper and softer sound. However, it was then still referred to by the Italian corno basso chromatico. As the inventor of " Kapellmeister Summer", a native of Weimar apply, and Adolphe Sax The Euphonium received another scale. The euphonium is also called Infantry cello, it is the " cello " the brass band.

Structure and properties

The prevailing mood of the euphonium in B; it sounds an octave lower than a trumpet and an octave higher than a tuba in this mood. The notation is carried out either in the treble clef as a B- voice, that is, a ninth deeper sounding than quoted or untransposed in bass clef as C- voice.

The euphonium is played with a funnel - or cup-shaped mouthpiece.

While some early models were fitted because of the inevitable problems of intonation valve combinations with up to six valves, today Euphoniums have instead sometimes a compensation system, in any case, but only three or four valves. The first three are with the right hand, and depending on the design of the instrument either from above or from the front gripped ( top action or front action). The fourth valve, if present, is a fourth valve. Using simple tools, it is next to the first three valves ( in-line) and is gripped with the little finger of the right hand.

On more complex instruments, the fourth valve is mounted on the side and is played with the left hand. The bore in the valve machine is now up to 16.2 mm, the fourth valve up to 17.2 mm. The horn comprises either upward or obliquely forwardly angled ( " Bell front " or " front bell" ) and has a diameter of up to 310 mm.

The range is roughly equivalent to that of the trumpet, which itself far mensurierte Euphoniums in height often appeal to something better. Only compensated Euphoniums with quart valve then already from the pedal position upward fully chromatically playable. In uncompensated instruments, however, the sounds from the great Ace intone down to contra -H progressively worse. The gripped on all four valves sound is much closer to the C than in the contra -H here.

The timbre is euphonium and trombone differ considerably: Due to its conical scale the softer sound of the euphonium is very similar to the French horn, while the trombone because of their cylindrical Scale harder sounds and looks more like the trumpet or tenor horn.

Use of the euphonium and sound

The euphonium is used in brass bands as a solo instrument, because it can have a soft, but also sharp, loud sound. However, it is not uncommon also represented in the brass band.

In symphonic music, the euphonium - if at all - as soloists, and indeed for certain lots in most late-romantic works for which it is not entirely clear whether the composer with " Tuba " a tenor tuba, a Wagner tuba, a saxhorn or another, today may no longer had common instrument in mind and above the "normal" gamut of a modern F- Tuba Exchange. The euphonium is used in symphonic also instead of the tenor horn or baritone.

Examples of plants in which instead of a tenor horn, a euphonium is used

• Gustav Holst, Mars, Jupiter and Neptune from the orchestral suite The Planets
• Leoš Janáček, Sinfonietta
• Gustav Mahler, Symphony No. 7 (actually for Tenor Horn )
• Dmitri Shostakovich 's ballet music The golden age
• Igor Stravinsky, The Firebird
• Luigi Nono, Prometeo ( Tre voci a)
• Rolf Løvland, You raise me up

In Germany, Austria and the Czech Republic, the euphonium is not widespread because you here traditionally the preferred oval horns with rotary valves such as the baritone horn. However, the euphonium also spreads rapidly in these countries, particularly in the field of symphonic and traditional brass band.

To further literature include concerts that were originally written for cello. Also, ragtime, among other Scott Joplin be like played on the euphonium. The euphonium is partly set the trumpet voice of some pieces of music.

Solo Works for Euphonium / Euphoniums

• Amilcare Ponchielli: Concerto per Flicornobasso (1872 ) ( considered the first known original composition for euphonium )
• Alan Hovhaness: Concerto No.. 3 (" Diran, the Religious Singer" ) ( 1948)
• Warner Hutchison: Sonatina (1966 )
• George Doughty: My Grandfather's Clock ( Theme and Variations for Euphonium and Brass Band ) ( 1966)
• Donald White: Lyric Suite ( 1970)
• Joseph Horovitz: Euphonium Concerto (1972 )
• Gordon Jacob: Fantasia (1973 )
• James Curnow: Symphonic Variations for Euphonium; Rhapsody for Euphonium
• David Gaines Concerto ( 1987)
• Vladimir Cosma: Euphonium Concerto (2001)
• John Boda: Sonatina for Baritone Horn and Tape
• Edward Gregson: Symphonic Rhapsody for Euphonium and (brass ) band
• Philip Sparke Fantasy for Euphonium, Aubade, pantomime, Party Piece, Two -part Invention ( Euphonium Duet ) Euphonism, Song for Ina, Euphonium Concerto No 1 for Brass Band, Summer Isles from " Hymn of the Highlands " ( Euphonium Solo ) for Brass Band,
• Franz Watz: soloists dream (rather Tenor Horn )
• Dominique rye: Concerto for Euphonium, Strings and Continuo in B flat major - No. 7 from " Concerti anachronistici "
• Marco Pütz: Concertino for Euphonium & Wind / Fanfare / Brass Band (2006)

Famous Euphonisten (excerpt)

United States

• Roger Behrend, soloist with the U.S. Navy Band and professor of euphonium at George Mason University
• Dr. Brian Bowman, a soloist with the U.S. Navy Band (1971-1975); now professor of euphonium at the University of North Texas, co- author of the Arban 's Method for Trombone and Euphonium.
• Adam Frey, Americas Euphoniumsolist, recordings and Professor of Euphonium at Georgia State University, founder of the International Euphonium Institute ( IEI ), about 70 arrangements and contract work for euphonium. Co -author of the Euphonium Source Book.
• James E. Jackson III, soloist of the U.S. Coast Guard band and founder of Euphoniumklasse the Hartt School of Music and Professor of the University of Connecticut. Winner of the International T.U.B.A. conference Tuba Euphonium Quartet Competition ( 1995) and winner of the Leonard Falcone International Euphonium Solo Competition (1994).
• Demondrae Thurman, founder of Tubaquaretts: Sotto Voce Tuba Quartet, winner of both international competitions Tubaqartett 1998 Meanwhile, teachers of the University of Alabama..
• Aaron VanderWeele Euphoniumpieler of 2007 ( the third American player who got this award ). First euphonium soloist and the Salvation Army 's New York Staff Band since 1993.
• Arthur W. Lehman, 1917-2009, Euphoniumsolist known as: Art, Recording Artist, United States Marine Band, euphonium Noted author.
• Harold Brasch, 1916-1984, soloist of the United States Navy Band (1936-1956); known as Mr. Euphonium. Teachers of "Art " Lehman and many others.
• David Will, a soloist with the U.S. Coast Guard band, founder of Euphoniumklasse in the University of Connecticut, now a teacher at the University of Minnesota; first American who received the award euphonium player of the year.

Great Britain

• Dr. Nicholas Childs Welch soloist and conductor of the Black Dyke Band in England
• Dr. Robert Childs, brother of Dr. Nicholas Childs, soloist of the Black Dyke Band; now director of the Brass Bands of the Royal Welsh College of Music and Drama, Head of the Cory Band
• David Childs, son of Dr. Robert Childs, soloist and 1.Euphonist the Cory Band
• Steven Mead, soloist and professor at the Royal Northern College of Music
• David Thornton, 1.Euphonist the Black Dyke Band
• Michael Dodd, 1.Euphonist the Grimethorpe Colliery Band, known for the film " Brassed Off "
• Derick Kane, 1.Euphonist the International Staff Band of The Salvation Army

Japan

• Toru Miura, professor of euphonium soloist and at the Kunitachi College of Music;

Australia

• Matthew van Emmerich; Besson Artist Soloist
• Thom Humphrey; Yamaha Artist Soloist and Composer

New Zealand

• Riki McDonnell
• David Chaulk

Canada

• Curtis Metcalf, 1.Euphonist the Hannaford Street Silver band
• Robert Miller, 1.Euphonist the Weston Silver band
• David Jackson, 1.Euphonist the Missussauga Temple band
• Benjamin Lavoie, 1.Euphonist harmony Vivace

Switzerland

• Roland Fröscher
• Ueli Kipfer
• Thomas Rüedi soloist, arranger and lecturer in euphonium at the University of the Arts Bern and Lucerne School of Music