Exafroplacentalia

Squirrel Monkey ( Saimiri sciureus )

The Exafroplacentalia ("ex afro ", "place talia " = all Placentalia except the Afrotheria ) are a group within the higher mammals ( Eutheria ). They were in 2001 on the basis of genetic studies as a taxon ( subcohort ) described and in addition to the Boreoeutheria include ( Euarchontoglires and Laurasiatheria ) the Xenarthra. In systematic representations of the mammals they are often not explicitly mentioned.

The currently available data, be based on the molecular clock extrapolate that the Exafroplacentalia have emerged in the Cretaceous period, about 110-115 million years ago and 105 million years ago already segregating in the groups of Xenarthra and the Boreoeutheria. The latter split 100 million years ago in the transfer orders of Euarchontoglires and Laurasiatheria.

System

The following cladogram shows the systematic position of the Exafroplacentalia:

Afrotheria

Xenarthra

Laurasiatheria

Euarchontoglires

Alternative systematics

A variant positions the Xenarthra as a primitive group on the basis of the higher mammals, and thus as a sister group of all other taxa, which are summarized in the case as Epitheria. This variant is both molecular biology and morphology, on the basis of the structure of the inner ear have been proposed.

Afrotheria

Boreoeutheria

Xenarthra ( Xenarthra )

A third theory, finally, summarizes the Afrotheria and the Xenarthra together as a taxon named Atlantogenata and makes this the Boreoeutheria opposite.

Afrotheria

Xenarthra ( Xenarthra )

Boreoeutheria

Swell

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  • Mark S. Springer, William J. Murphy, Eduardo Eizirik, and Stephen J. O'Brien: Placental mammal diversification and the Cretaceous - Tertiary boundary. In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS ). 100, No. 3, 2003, pp. 1056-1061 ( full text, English, accessed on September 8, 2012).
  • Wildman D. E.; Chen C.; Erez O.; Grossman L.I.; Goodman M.; Romero R.: Evolution of the mammalian placenta revealed by phylogenetic analysis. In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS ). 103, No. 9, 2006, pp. 3203-3208 ( full text, English, accessed on September 8, 2012).
  • Nikolaev, S., Montoya - Burgos JI, Margulies, EH, Rougemont, J., Nyffeler, B., Antonarakis, SE: Early history of mammals is elucidated with the ENCODE multiple species sequencing data. In: PLoS Genet. 3, No 1, 2007 ( full text, English, accessed on September 8, 2012).
  • Gennady Churakov Jan Ole War, Robert Baertsch, Anja Zemann, Jürgen Brosius, Jürgen Schmitz: Mosaic retroposon insertion patterns in placental mammals. In: Genome Research. 19, 2009, pp. 868-875 ( full text, English, accessed on September 8, 2012).
  • Mammals
  • Mammalia
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