Exclusion Crisis

The Exclusion Bill was a bill that England 1678-1681 plunged into a deep political crisis. The intent of the bill is to exclude the brother of King Charles II ( the later King James II ) from the succession because he was Roman Catholic. The Court party ( Party of the court, the later Tories ) was against exclusion, while the Country party ( party in the country, the later Whigs ) supported the exclusion.

1670 Jacob had publicly stated that he was Roman Catholic. Jacob secretary Edward Coleman 1678 from corrupt Protestant clerics Titus Oates as the mastermind of a ( fictitious ) " Popish plot " means that supposedly had the subversion of the state and the overthrow of Charles II to the target. Members of the Protestant upper class noticed to the fact that there was a Catholic in an absolutist way in France. It formed a movement that should prevent this scenario in England. Many feared that Jacob after his accession to the throne ( Charles had no legitimate sons entitled to inherit ) would tear the whole power of the state itself.

The event that triggered the crisis finally, was the unproven accusation that Thomas Osborne Chancellor of the Exchequer, Lord Danby, had accepted large sums of money from the French King Louis XIV, with the neutrality of Charles's government should be bought. King Charles dissolved the parliament measures, it is the newly elected parliament, which convened in March 1679 was him and his ministers against set even more hostile. Osborne was arrested and transferred to the Tower of London.

On May 15, 1679 presented Anthony Ashley -Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury in the House a bill that would exclude James from the succession. A minority even supported Charles illegitimate (but Protestant ) heirs James Scott. Named for the followers of the king's house, then Abhorrers ( haters ), the Tories were formed later. The petitioners ( petitioners ), who advocated the law, were later to the Whigs. As it became increasingly likely that the law could be adopted, Charles turned to his sovereign right and dissolved parliament. Subsequent parliaments also tried to push through the law, but were also dissolved.

Shaftesbury's party, the Whigs, sparked across the country from a mass movement, mainly by the fear of a " popish plot" stoked. Every November, on the anniversary of the accession of Elizabeth I, she organized large demonstrations in London, in each of which a figure of the Pope was burned. But the Tories, who were on the side of the king, spread their propaganda. They reminded the people of the reign of terror and distress during the Commonwealth. In addition, the royal family called the Whigs as subversives and nonconformists in disguise. The mass movement lost its influence and in 1681 the bill was eventually dropped.

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