Expressways of Poland
- In use
- In construction
- In planning
- In use
- In construction
- In planning
Droga ekspresowa ( ger. for, expressway ') is a. In Polish road type for national and international traffic He is at a sufficient expansion of the function of some state roads (including national roads; poln Drogi krajowe, singular Droga Krajowa ) accepts.
Currently, there are highways with a total length of about 1300 kilometers, about 400 km are under construction. The planned expressway network is approximately 5480 km and consists of 19 planned compounds, of which the S7 expressway with about 710 km will be the longest expressway.
Since 1 January 2011, the maximum speed on Polish highways 120 km / h
- 2.1 Marking and Labelling
- 2.2 Rules
- 2.3 Technical parameters
- 2.4 Miscellaneous
- 5.1 See also
- 5.2 External links
- 5.3 footnotes
History
1985-2000
In 1985, the plans for a highway network were recorded. Even before 1985, some sections were completed, which were later incorporated into the expressway network.
1977, a 36.5 km long section of the bypass of the city of Gdynia to Gdansk Three with first was completed only a roadway. The second road was opened to traffic in 1984 and the section was designated as S6.
1979, the first lane of the 20.8 km long section of the S3 Rzesnica was opened to Goleniów; 1982, the second lane has been completed.
1983, the 35.1 km long section of Dąbrowa Górnicza was opened to Tychy, which was later marked as S1.
1984, the first lane of the 22.7 km long bypass of Kielce was opened to traffic. A year later, in 1985, the S86 was completed and opened.
In 1990, the traffic handover of the 14.6 km long section of the S7 - Zakroczym Ostrzykowizna to Czosnów as avoidance of Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki.
On 15 December 1995, the border crossing Cieszyn / Chotěbuz and a 4.7 km long section of the S1 was opened in the town of Cieszyn. Moreover, the first lane of the 17 km long section of Sulechów to Zielona Góra was completed this year.
In 1996, the first, 7.2 km long part of the bypass of Świecie was opened as part of the S5. 1998 saw the second, 5.6 km long section. 1997, since 1995 under construction, 2.6 km long and bypasses Miłomłyn was released.
1998, a portion of the bypass Nowa Sól (12 km) over the S3 and 9.7 long section of the S10 were ( and today also part of A1) completed by the motorway junction Toruń - Czerniewice to the motorway junction Toruń - Lubicz.
Total 2000 195.3 kilometers were completed on expressway and opened to traffic in the year.
2000-2006
In 2002, the 3.4 km long and bypasses Śmigiel during the S5 was completed and opened. In addition, the 6.8 km-long bypass Ostrow Mazowiecka was opened to traffic.
2004, the 4.2 km long and bypasses Piaski was completed, which is a section of expressways S12 and S17, but is not yet marked as expressway.
In 2005, the two-kilometer long bypass of Skarżysko -Kamienna and eight kilometers long and bypasses Jedrzejów was opened as part of the expressway S7. In addition, the 12 km long southern bypass of Toruń was completed in the course of the S10.
2006, the section S1 from the airport in Pyrzowice was to Podwarpie (9.6 km), the avoidance of Międzyrzecz in the course of S3 (6.4 kilometers away) and Szubin during the S5 ( 5.7 km ) each with only one roadway. In all three lines, the second road is being planned. With two lanes of the bypass Oleśnica (12,8 km ) was passed as part of the S8 circulation.
In the years 2000-2006 thus 70.9 km were completed on highways and opened to traffic.
2007-2009
Due to the European Football Championship 2012 was promulgated in 2007 to implement the expansion of the highway network to 2418 km. In addition, the following sections have been completed with a total length of 69.3 kilometers this year:
- Sections of the S69: Żywiec node - node Przybędza (7,7 km) and node Milówka - Szare (2.8 miles) (opened on 8 January )
- Section of the S7: bypass of Elbląg (3.8 km; opened on 14 September )
- Section of the S17: avoidance of Garwolin (12,8 km; opened on 26 September )
- Section of S1: node Bielsko - Komorowice - node Cieszyn - Krasna (28 km; opened on 23 November )
- Section of the S3: -pass of Gorzów Wielkopolski (11,7 km; opened on 27 November )
- Section of the S7: bypass of Nowy Dwór Gdański (2.5 km; opened on 28 November )
2008, the following highway sections have been completed with a total length of 140.7 kilometers and opened to traffic:
- Section of the S7: Myślenice node - node Lubień (12,2 km; opened on 20 March )
- Section of the S19: avoidance of Międzyrzec Podlaski (6,6 km; opened on 18 April )
- Section of the S17: avoidance of Hrebenne (2 km; opened on 1 May )
- Section of the S3: -pass of Międzyzdroje (2,9 km; opened on 20 June)
- Section of the S12: bypass from Pulawy (12,7 km; opened on 11 July )
- Section of the S7: Białobrzegi node - node Gózd (15,7 km; opened on 16 July )
- Section of S3: Northern part of the bypass Nowa Sól (15 km; opened on 5 September )
- Section of the S7: Bypass Grójec (8.3 km; opened on September 19 )
- Section of the S22: Node Elbląg Wschód - Grzechotki (border PL / RU ) ( 50.2 km; September 24 )
- Section of the S8: Mostówka node - node Wyszków - Turzyn (11,3 km; opened on 14 November )
- Section of the S69: Szare - node Laliki (2 km; opened on 5 December)
- Section of the S69: Node Laliki II - node Zwardoń (1.8 km; opened on 11 December)
2009, the following sections have been completed with a total length of 107.1 kilometers:
- Section of the S7: bypass of Płońsk (4.7 km; opened on 3 June)
- Section of the S11: node - poses Krzesiny - node Kórnik Południe (14,1 km; opened on 8 June)
- Section of the S8: node Radzymin - Wołomińska - Mostówka node (19,2 km; opened on July 31)
- Section of the S7: Występa - Kielce (7.3 km; opened on 16 October )
- Section of the S7: bypass of Lubień (4 km; opened on 22 October )
- Section of the S11: Ostrow Wielkopolski Bypass (Phase 1; 6.1 km; opened on 26 November )
- Section of the S10: bypass of Wyrzysk (7,8 km; opened on 16 December)
- Section of the S5: node Bydgoszcz Białe Błota - Lipniki (2.2 km; opened on 18 December)
- Section of the S10: node Bydgoszcz Białe Błota - Bydgoszcz Stryszek (10,4 km; opened on 18 December)
- Section of the S10: bypass of Stargard (13,5 km; opened on 21 December)
- Section of the S7: Node Grójec - Mogielnicka - Białobrzegi node (17,8 km; opened on 26 December)
2010-2011
In 2010 it was acknowledged that the planned increase of nearly 2,000 km to the EM 2012 is not possible because the necessary means are lacking and the work is to be invested in the completion of the highways. To the European highway network should therefore be expanded to 1000 km. In addition, the following sections have been completed with a total length of 107.8 kilometers this year:
- Section of the S69: Laliki node - node Laliki II (2.7 km; opened on opened on 5 March )
- Section of S3: node - Stettin Klucz - Pyrzyce node (28,2 km; opened on May 26 )
- Section of S3: Pyrzyce node - node Myślibórz (26,7 km; opened on 22 October )
- Section of the S6: bypass of Slupsk (16,3 km; opened on 26 October )
- Section of the S7: node - Christo Botewa Krakow - Krakow node - Bieżanów (2.7 km; opened on 16 November)
- Section of S3: node Myślibórz - Gorzów Wielkopolski (26,7 km; opened on 30 December)
- Section of the S8: Magnice node - node - Południe Wrocław ( 4.5 km; opened on 30 December)
In early 2011, however, was announced by the GDDKiA that the new building program of the Polish Government states that the construction of additional sections for Euro 2012 will not start. In addition, many other sections tenders were canceled with the total investment of 9.4 billion zloty. The cause of the GDDKiA blamed lack of funds in the state treasury. In 2011, the following sections have been completed with a total length of 89.6 kilometers:
- Section of the S8: node - Konotopa Warsaw - Warsaw node - Powązkowska (10,4 km; opened on 19 January )
- Section of the S7: Skarżysko -Kamienna - Występa (16,7 km; opened on 28 April )
- Section of the S7: Node Elbląg Wschód - node Pasłęk - Polnoc (13,7 km; opened on 29 July )
- Section of S1: node Bielsko - Rosta - node Bielsko - Komorowice (2.8 km; opened on 19 August )
- Section of S1: node Bielsko - Krzemionki - node Bielsko - Rosta (1,7 km; opened on 28 October )
- Section of the S69: Node Bielsko - Krzemionki - node Bielsko - Mikuszowice (7.3 km; opened on 28 October )
- Section of the S11: node - poses Tarnovo Podgórne - node Posen Dąbrówka (8.1 km; opened on 28 November )
- Section of the S3: -passing Miękowo (4.8 km; opened on 16 December)
- Section of the S74: Node Kielce - Warszawska - node Cedzyna (6.8 km; opened on 17 December)
- Section of the S19: avoidance of Kock (7.9 km; opened on 21 December)
- Section of the S6: Bypass Nowogardzka (9.4 km; opened on 22 December)
2012
In 2012, following highway sections have been completed with a total length of 339.5 kilometers and opened to traffic:
- Section of the S3: -passing Troszyn, Parłówko and Ostromice (6.1 km; opened on 9 January )
- Section of S1: Pyrzowice node - node Pyrzowice - Lotnisko (1,9 km; opened on 1 June)
- Section of the S11: node - Dąbrówka Poznań - Poznań node - Zachód (6.3 km; opened on 3 June)
- Section of the S5: node - Południe Gniezno - Poznan node - Wschód ( 35.0 km; opened on 4 June)
- Section of the S8: node Warsaw Modlińska - node Marki - Piłsudski (7.0 km; opened on 6 June )
- Section of the S7: Danzig- Południe node - node Żuławy - Zachód (17,9 km; opened on 9 June)
- Section of the S14: Dobroń node - node Lodz Lublinek ( 9.6 km opened on 13 July )
- Section of the S7: Node Pasłęk - Polnoc - node Miłomłyn - Winiec (36,5 km; opened on 1 August )
- Section of the S19: Node Rzeszóz - node Rzeszow Wschód (6,9 km; opened on September 10th)
- Section of the S8: Jeżewo node - node Choroszcz (24,5 km; opened on 12 September )
- Section of the S51: Node Olsztynek - Wschód - node Olsztynek - Zachód (6 km; opened on 29 September )
- Section of the S8: node Zambrów - Zachód - node Zambrów - Wschód (11.1 km; opened on 2 October )
- Section of the S8: Breslau - Pawłowice node - node Oleśnica - Zachód (22,6 km; opened on 8 October )
- Section of the S8: node Rawa Mazowiecka Polnoc - border W. Łódź / W. Mazovia (22,8 km; opened on the 17th of October)
- Section of the S8: node Piotrków - Zachód - node Rawa Mazowiecka Polnoc ( 61.2 km; opened on 26 October )
- Section of the S11: node - Polnoc Poznań - Poznań node - Rokietnica (7,7 km; opened on 30 October )
- Section of the S7: Node Olsztynek - Zachód - node Nidzica - Polnoc (31,3 km; opened on 7 November )
- Section of the S8: Cieśle node - node Sycow - Wschód (25,1 km; opened on 30 November )
2013
In 2013, the following sections were opened with a total length of 172.2 km:
- Section of S3: Jordanowo node - node Świebodzin - Polnoc (5.5 km; opened on 27 May)
- Section of the S12/S17: Node Kurów - Wschód - Jastków node (24,9 km; opened on 28 May)
- Section of S3: node Świebodzin - Południe - Sulechów node (18,4 km; opened on 18 June )
- Section of the S7: node - Polnoc Kielce - Kielce node - Południe (22,7 km; opened on 10 July )
- Section of S3: node Świebodzin - Polnoc - node Świebodzin - Południe (7.4 km; opened on 11 July )
- Section of the S2: node - Konotopa Warszawa - Warszawa - node Aleja Krakowska (6.1 km; opened on July 31)
- Section of S3: node Międzyrzecz - Południe - Jordanowo node (11,7 km; opened on 21 August )
- Section of the S8: border W. Łódź / W. Mazovia - node Radziejowice (11,3 km; opened on 24 August )
- Section of the S2: node - Aleja Krakowska Warszawa - Warszawa node - Południe (4.3 km; opened on 5 September )
- Section of the S79: node - Marynarska Warszawa - Warszawa node - Południe (4.3 km; opened on 5 September )
- Section of the S2: node - Południe Warszawa - Warszawa node - Puławska (4.2 km; opened on 18 September )
- Section of the S8: node Rzeszow Zachód - node Rzeszow Świlcza (4.4 km; opened on 13 December)
- Section of the S8: node Sycow - Wschód - Kępno node (15,3 km; opened on 21 December)
- Section of the S8: Kępno node - node Wieruszów (16,6 km; opened on 21 December)
- Section of the S8: Wieruszów node - node Wieluń (13,1 km; opened on 21 December)
- Section of the S8: node Wieluń (2.0 km; opened on 21 December)
Features
A Polish expressway consists of one or two carriageways with at least two lanes and a hard shoulder. The lane width is generally 3.5 or 3.75 meters. The width of the level strip is generally from 2.5 meters.
Marking and Labelling
The marking of a highway is done with red signs with the big letter S and the corresponding number. The letter S is derived from the Polish name drogi Szybkiego ruchu ( German: Streets of fast traffic ) ago. The signage on the highway has a green background with white letters.
Regulate
The speed limit on four-lane Polish highways is 120 km / h on two-lane 100 km / h
- Passenger cars ( cars)
- Motorcycle
- Lorries (trucks ) to 3.5 tons
- Bus with additional specifications
- Car with trailer
- Motorcycle with trailer
- Trucks with trailers up to 3.5 tonnes
- Trucks over 3.5 tonnes ( with trailer)
- Marked hazardous goods - vans and the like
- Bus ( with a trailer )
- Vehicle with a forwardly projecting device ( more than 1.5 meters from the seat)
- Tow truck for motor vehicles
- Motorcycle ( with trailer) with a child under 7 years
In Polish highways is generally prohibited:
- Change of direction ( with the exception of intersections, or to designated places),
- Stopping or parking of a vehicle ( with the exception of designated places),
- Reversal
Technical Parameters
The technical parameters of the freeway were established by the Polish Ministry of Transport on March 2, 1999.
The expressway differs from the highway mainly in that the highway can be built with only a road, a larger number of connection points, sometimes can be equipped with road crossings, narrow lanes and a hard shoulder and with a lower design speed. In addition, must be smaller than ( 40 m ) than in the highway (60 m ) at a highway road, the minimum cross-section.
In addition, the highway may have intersections with local roads, but should have interchanges or intersections with major roads or junctions with roads higher road type (eg highway).
Distances between interchanges should not outside built not less than 5 km, within built-up areas, major cities and capitals not less than 3 km. In exceptional situations, when traffic engineering requirements warrant, individual distances between connection points are not less than 3 km and 1.5 km outside permitted within built-up area. Roundabouts are allowed only at the ends of the expressway.
The design speed of the highway should be 120 (only street with two lanes ), 100, or 80 km / h outside built-up area as well as 80, 70 or 60 ( only highly urbanized area ) km / h in built-up area. The width of the side panel should always be 2.5 m.
Other parameters are dependent on the design speed:
3,752
Others
The numbering of the highway exits is analogous to the chainage, exit number 72 is thus not the 72th exit, but is located at kilometer 72 of the relevant highways.
Current highways
As of February 28, 2014