Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research
The international particle accelerator facility FAIR ( Facility for Antiproton English and Ion Research, " Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research " ) is a research institute for basic physics research. She is currently being built in Darmstadt in the immediate vicinity of the GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research and supported by the Federal Republic of Germany and of European and non-European partner countries. Use the system to new insights into the structure of matter and the evolution of the universe can be obtained. Research fields are the nuclear, hadron and particle physics, nuclear and antimatter physics, plasma physics and applications in materials science, biology and biomedicine. The FAIR project is divided into the parts of buildings, accelerators and Scientific experiments and detectors. With the estimated cost of 1.6 billion euros ( price level escalated to 2018) are construction, accelerators, and one-third of the experiments covered.
Accelerator and experiments
Heart of the new system is a double ring accelerator ( heavy ion synchrotron SIS100/SIS300 ) with a circumference of 1.1 kilometers. Overall, the facility has 3.5 km beamline and eight accelerators and storage rings. In the complex all the elements of hydrogen can be accelerated to uranium. In addition, secondary beams can be produced by antiprotons and rare isotopes. The existing GSI accelerators will continue to be used as a pre. FAIR comprises four academic programs:
- Antiproton Annihilation at Darmstadt ( PANDA )
- Atomic and plasma physics and applications ( APPA )
- Nuclear structure, astrophysics and reactions ( NUSTAR )
- Compressed baryonic matter (CBM)
History
Since it was foreseeable that in a few years the research opportunities GSI would be exhausted with the existing accelerator facility, scientific users GSI developed a concept for an "international accelerator facility for research with ion and antiproton beams " that connects to the existing plant.
In the spring of 2003, the Federal Ministry of Education and Research decided (BMBF ), to follow the recommendation of the Science Council and to build the new accelerator center in cooperation with international partners.
Over the following years, until February 2007 signed the governments of China, Germany, Finland, France, Greece, India, Italy, Austria, Poland, Romania, Russia, Spain, Sweden and Great Britain an agreement (Memorandum of Understanding ) as a basis for international cooperation during the preparation phase of FAIR.
2006, the technical planning for FAIR in FAIR Baseline Technical Report was published.
On 7 November 2007, signed Germany, the state of Hesse, Finland, France, UK, Austria, Poland, Romania, Russia, Sweden and Spain, the FAIR communiqué for the official start of the FAIR project. In the document, the signatories declared, among other things its intention to " the first phase of FAIR with the tuned by partner countries, the available budget to begin " and " the financing of the operation of FAIR ensuring together ".
On 4 October 2010, signed at Schloss Biebrich in Wiesbaden, the representatives of the States of Germany, Finland, France, India, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovenia and Sweden international agreement, the established FAIR as a new research center. At the same time the international FAIR GmbH ( in Europe GmbH Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research) established the FAIR builds and will operate. In December 2011, began with the preparation of the construction field. These 2011/2012 and in the following winter 20 hectares of forest east of the GSI were cleared and removed the topsoil. He is mounted on the bottom bearing surfaces in the vicinity and later reused for planting the plant. Furthermore, forestry and ecological compensation measures were started and continued.
In March 2013, the first of a total of 1,400 piles were set, which stabilize the subsoil. Because it consists mainly of a mixture of sands, silts and clays. The piles are connected to the bottom plate (coupled pile foundation ) and are intended to ensure that contact the heavy building equally little and above all. It is planned that in 2018 the first ion beam in the new facility will circulate.
Managing Director of FAIR GmbH
Scientific Director since October 2010 Boris Jurjewitsch Zharkov, administrative manager is since November 2011 Günther Rosner.
Partner countries, European science programs
3,000 scientists from more than 50 countries are already working on the planning of experiments and accelerators. Shareholders of the FAIR GmbH Germany, Finland, France, India, Poland, Romania, Russia, Sweden and Slovenia. Great Britain is an associate member. FAIR is included in Europe's research roadmap for large devices, the roadmap of the European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures (ESFRI ). The Nuclear Physics European Collaboration Committee ( NuPECC ) recommends FAIR as a project that can develop the Nuclear Physics in Europe over the coming decade out well.