Fagopyrum

Tartarian buckwheat ( Fagopyrum tataricum )

Buckwheat ( Fagopyrum ), also Black Indian corn, buckwheat, Hadn or Gricken called, is a plant genus of the family buckwheat family ( Polygonaceae ). The genus name is derived from the Latin word for beech Fagus and pyrus Greek word for wheat and refers to the beechnut shaped achenes. The best known species of this genus is the Buckwheat ( Fagopyrum esculentum). Despite the name buckwheat is not a grain, but rather a pseudo - cereal kind.

Since the closing fruits of buckwheat are gluten-free, the flour plays a strong role in the diet of people with celiac disease.

Features

The buckwheat species are annual or perennial herbaceous plants or rare half-or dwarf shrubs. They form taproots. The stem is hairy erect and glabrous or finely. The leaves are simple, petiolate and alternate, oblique, margin entire and have a pointed or flattened blade tip. The leaf blade is triangular, broadly oval, heart-shaped, linear or arrow- shaped. The Scheidchen is membranous.

The lateral or terminal, racemose or umbrella-shaped inflorescences contain many flowers. Buckwheat species are monoecious ( monoecious ); the flowers are usually all hermaphrodite, rarely some flowers are male, but then both types of flowers on a plant. The perianth is fünfzählig and binding. The five bracts are not growing. There are eight free stamens present. The anthers are white, pink or red. The three bent-back style are extended. The scars are capitate. The achenes are triangular at the base not horned or winged.

Occurrence

The buckwheat species occur naturally in Eurasia and Eastern Africa. Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum be grown in the temperate regions of the world tataricum. Buckwheat is cultivated in China for 4600 years and in Japan since 3500 years. In many parts of the world they are wild ( neophytes ).

In Austria derived inter alia from the Jauntal mentions from the year 1442nd In this field of buckwheat is also now cultivated for a long time. For this reason, it counts in Austria as Jauntaler Hadn to the traditional foods.

Use

Hulled buckwheat grains are processed into pearl barley, groats, meal or flour. This will Breigerichte primarily, but also soups, cakes and noodles made ​​. From an admixture of 20 % for wheat or rye flour bread can be described as buckwheat bread. Buckwheat flour is not alone breadmaking quality. Buckwheat has a similar strong satiating like millet because of its high swelling capacity. In North America, buckwheat pancakes, served with maple syrup, a popular specialty.

Health

The red-colored skin surrounding the grains can cause allergies after eating ( Fagopyrismus ), which may result by the action of sunlight on skin eczema. Therefore, to warn against the consumption of unhusked buckwheat grains. Paddy buckwheat should be washed or hot cooked before consumption. The red slime should be skimmed off.

System

There are about 15 to 16 species (select):

  • Fagopyrum caudatum ( Sat. ) A. J. Ali
  • Fagopyrum crispatifolium J. L. Liu
  • Fagopyrum dibotrys ( D.Don ) H.Hara
  • Fagopyrum gilesii ( Hemsl. ) HEDB.
  • Fagopyrum gracilipes ( Hemsl. ) Dammer
  • Fagopyrum leptopodum ( Diels ) Hedberg
  • Fagopyrum linear ( Sat. ) Haraldson
  • Fagopyrum snowdenii ( Hutch. & Dandy ) S.P.Hong
  • Fagopyrum statice (H. Lév. ) Gross
  • Tartarian buckwheat or buckwheat Wrong ( Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn. )

Six species are endemic to China.

Pictures

Leaves and inflorescences of Fagopyrum esculentum

Philip Miller Pseudocereal Gluten sensitivity Prostrate shrub Pizzoccheri Agricultural Research Service
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