Fahnenjunker
Rank insignia of the German armed forces in the field flags Junkers suit
The cadet ( Abbr: Fhj / in lists: FJ ) is a military rank of the Bundeswehr.
For Air Force and Army, he is an officer candidate (OA ) or reserve officer candidates (ROA ) of the service troops in the lowest NCO rank. At the German navy ie, the corresponding rank of midshipman.
The rank of cadet received a cadet of the Army up to and including the 75th cadet vintage with completion of the 12th month of service and after passing the officer cadet course Part I (OAL I). From the 76th year of officer candidates (from summer 2006), he is awarded with the completion of the 12th month of service and passing the officer candidate course (OAL ).
Soldiers in this rank can give instructions within the teams by the superior regulation ( VorgV ) limits.
Away from the career- relevant training cadets are often used in the context of troops internships as an assistant instructor or group leader in the general basic training and then take the training and management responsibility for eight to twelve soldiers.
They are paid by the federal pay scale A to the salary grade A5.
Historical
Origin and use of the term
Historically, the cadets were mostly young noblemen who came to the military training at age 14 to 16 years. In the armies, which German military terms served (including the Russian army ), the designated officer cadet trainee officers of infantry and dragoons. When they were called cavalry standards Junker. In the artillery, which led neither flags nor standards, they were called Junker piece (after the formerly used term for guns, pieces ).
In the Prussian Infantry and the 18th century, the cadets were also called free corporal. There they ranged to 1806 as commissioned officers between corporal and sergeant. Next higher Officer Candidate rank was the Portepeefähnrich since 1807. The Bavarian army separated the candidates in officer candidates 1st Class ( Junker, in the artillery Conducteur between sergeant and lieutenant standing) and 2nd class ( cadet, before the sergeant Scrapping ).
In the army of the German Empire, the candidates were called to a career officer Avantageure or aspirants. In 1899 the name changed again in cadet, which now, however, had only team standing. Their counterparts in the Navy were called cadet and / or midshipman; the next highest contender rank was ensign.
The cadets had to prove a leaving certificate of a high school, secondary school, a secondary school or junior high school first -order or the existence of the ensign examination on entering.
In the Reichswehr, the term cadet was initially abolished, since the mid- 20s but again in use. Now designated cadet service degree across all officer candidates. The candidate ranks were cadet, cadet - corporal cadet sergeant, ensign, an officer cadet.
In the Wehrmacht were soldiers and NCOs who wanted to pursue an officer's career, the term cadet prefixed to their rank, eg Cadet sergeant and cadet Warrant Officer. Beginning of 1940 was a cadet by the name of officer candidates (OA ) / Reserve Officer Candidate ( ROA) replaced. The ranks now denominated, for example, Corporal ( O.A. ) or Sergeant ( R.O.A. ). Mid / late 1943 ( at different periods in Army and Air Force ) the previous practice was largely re-enacted.
In the army, it had the cadet first time equated with the sergeant of a specific service level since 1918.
The NVA of the GDR did not use the term cadet. The cadets were called cadets.
Badge
Until the 20th century, the standing in rank and rank cadet had no badges. Were they in the commissioned officer rank, so had to put their badges ( rock and Huttresse, special Hutpuschel, Unteroffiziersportepee ( rare: Offiziersportepee ) ), stick, gloves.
Even in the army of the imperial period and in the Reichswehr Fahnenjunker distinguished by anything from the other soldiers in the team ranking. Cadet - corporal received, however, since 1927 after passing the cadet exam the right to wear the Unteroffizierstroddel.
In the armed forces, the Air Force cadet led since 1940 a machined aluminum cord across the bottom of the shoulder straps. In the army until the end of 1942, a special marking was introduced: a field-gray Doppelborte ( fabric ) or a double aluminum braid (Hope bars). Reserve officer cadets wore red fabric bar at Army and Air Force.
In the Bundeswehr labeling in army and air force is uniform: Initially there was a transversely across the lower end of the shoulder flap extending Aufschiebeschlaufe silver (similar to the UA- badge of the Wehrmacht ) prescribed. This was in 1963 replaced by a circular patch with woven OA - star (identical to the Lieutenant Stern ), who was to carry on both lower sleeves of jacket, shirt, etc ( Snowflake ). The OPi - star ( top pioneer of the Wehrmacht ) was not very popular and has not enforced in practice, such as the detachable shoulder flaps of the shirt continues the loops were worn. Since about 1980/81 features a machined aluminum cord (similar to the Air Force version of 1940) at the lower end of the shoulder flaps, the cadet and other OA - Ranks ( Discolitze ).
In the NVA epaulettes of military cadets were sideways and edged above with Metalltresse ( equal to the non-commissioned officers ). On the cloth field they led a Gothic "S " and transversely including one to four year of stressing out.
The officer cadets of the Navy traditionally marks the five-pointed gold star of the sea officers and career Badge of nichtseemännischen services.
Other States
In the armed forces of most countries Officer will be based on the rank designation cadet in Anglophone armed forces specially active rank designations for soldiers during their training to be an officer used. Some examples are listed below.
- Denmark Denmark → Danish Fændrik
- Germany Germany → cadet, cadet and midshipman
- France → French aspirant / élevé - officier
- Italy Italy → Italian allievo Ufficiale I
- Canada Canada → English apprentice - officer / officer cadet
- Netherlands Netherlands → Dutch Vaandrig / Kornet
- Russia Russia → Russian Курсант / cadet
- Spain → Spanish Teniente segundo
- United Kingdom United Kingdom → English officer cadet
- United States United States → English Cadet / Officer candidate