Fakhr ad-Din ar-Razi

Abū ʿ Abd Allāh Muhammad ibn ʿ Umar Fakhr ad -Din ar - Razi (Arabic: أبو عبد الله محمد بن عمر بن الحسین فخر الدین الطبرستانی الرازی, DMG Abū ʿ Abd Allāh Muḥammad b. ʿ Umar b. Al -Husayn Fakhr ad -Din ar - Razi, * 1149 in Ray, Iran, † 1209 in Herat, Afghanistan today ) was a Persian Sunni theologian and philosopher who wrote about medicine, physics, astrology, literature, history and law.

Biography

Ar - Razi was born in Ray in today's Tehran and studied Islamic theology ( Ilm al - Kalam ), jurisprudence ( Fiqh ), and other sciences with his father Diya ad-Din, also known as Khatib al- Rayy, then at Majd ad - Din al- Dschili and Kamal Samnani. He came from the law school of Shafi ʿ ites and the ascharitischen theology. Some biographers say he descended from the Caliph Abu Bakr.

He traveled to Choresmien, Khorasan and Transoxiana and should in every city, many students have had around. Or so it says his travelogue Munazarat Fakhr ad-Din ar - Razi fi bilad ma wara to - nutritious. In other theological groupings such as the Mu'tazilites, Hanbali ( the rational Islamic theology, the Kalam, critical survived ), and the Batiniten Qarmatis he was in dispute. At the age he settled in Herat, where a mosque was built for him and he died in 1209.

Work

Important his Tafsir al- kabir ( al- Razi ) ( great commentary) on the Koran, also Mafatih al - ghayb ( " The key to the secret " ) is called. His most significant philosophical works are the Sharh al - ischarat, a commentary on Avicenna's Kitab al - ischarat wa -t - tanbihat ( "Book of notes and reminders " ), which was later criticized by Nasir al-Din al - Tusi, the Mabahith al - maschriqiya and al - mahsul.

In his will, ar - Razi explains that rational theology and philosophy seem to have against the Koran to be no benefit, but only lead to fruitless objections and doubts.