Fallopia sachalinensis
Sakhalin knotweed ( Fallopia sachalinensis )
The Sakhalin knotweed ( Fallopia sachalinensis ), also Russian knotweed or Sakhalin knotweed called, is a species of the genus of Flügelknöteriche ( Fallopia ) in the family of the buckwheat family ( Polygonaceae ). He is a problematic invasive plant in temperate latitudes to subtropical areas.
- 2.1 Invasive plant
- 5.1 Notes and references
Description
Appearance and foliage leaf
The Sakhalin knotweed grows as a deciduous, upright, perennial, herbaceous plant that can reach heights of growth of up to 4 meters. This Geophyt forms underground, vigorous rhizomes as outlasting with which it forms dense and often extensive stocks. So from rhizome and shoot fragments new colonies may arise, so there is a vegetative propagation. The strong stems are green and hollow. Located at the nodes ( more nodes ) extends laterally several additional Grubennektarien.
The alternate arranged and stalked leaves of the main stems are up to 43 cm long and 17 cm wide, the leaves of the lateral branches are much smaller. The simple, soft leaf blades are ovate -oblong and run into a tip. For mature foliage leaves the base of the leaf is cut deeply cordate, sometimes trimmed with young foliage leaves ( key differentiator to other knotweed plantains ). The leaf surfaces, especially the veins of the lower leaf surface have about 1 mm long, white - grayish hairs ( trichomes ).
Inflorescence, flower and fruit
The Sakhalin knotweed is dioecious getrenntgeschlechtig ( dioecious ). The dense paniculate inflorescences are short in the female specimens, arched, overhanging and in the male upright. The female flowers are white and the male greenish- white. The fruits appear a triptych, but in the three wings is the tough perianth.
Chromosome number
The chromosome number is 2n = 44
Occurrence
The Sakhalin knotweed has its home in Japan (middle part of Honshu ), Korea, the southern part of belonging to Russia Sakhalin Island and the island chain of the Kuril Islands. In Central Europe the species is an invasive neophyte, who was first brought to Europe in 1863 and spreads wild since 1869.
Invasive plant
The Sakhalin knotweed is one of the invasive plants and forms in European lowland forests and Hochstaudenfluren very dense stands that prevent the regeneration of woody plants and herbaceous native plants. The fight is considered to be very complex. Repeated mowing is only successful when the Mahdgut is removed because lying itself stems can take root again.
Use
A biological plant strengthening agent extracted from the Sakhalin knotweed, which increases the resistance in greenhouses drawn ornamental plants against fungal diseases such as powdery mildew and gray mold. This product is sold under the name " Milsana ". Used an ethanolic extract of the leaves. As one of the active ingredients anthraquinone Physcion could be identified.
The cultivation of Sakhalin knotweed outside its natural range is problematic given the negative environmental impacts of feral stocks as Sakhalin knotweed is so far often unintentionally spread with soil, building materials, garden waste, etc..
In breeding processed Sakhalin knotweed is known under the denomination IGNISCUM. Due to its wood-like calorific value, it also applies as an energy crop. The dry matter can be used for combustion.
Taxonomy
The first description of this kind took place in 1859 under the name Polygonum sachalinense by Friedrich Schmidt in Mémoires Presentes a l' Academie Imperiale des Sciences de St. - Pétersbourg par Divers savans et dans ses lus Assemblées, Volume 9, pp. 233-234. The position of this species within the subfamily Polygonoideae has long been controversial. After Tanja M. Schuster, Karen L. Wilson & Kathleen A. Kron: Phylogenetic relationships of Muehlenbeckia, Fallopia, and Reynoutria ( Polygonaceae ) Investigated with chloroplast and nuclear sequence data, In: International Journal of Plant Sciences, Volume 172, Number 8, 2011, pp. 1053-1066 ( Reynoutria sachalinensis ( F.Schmidt ) Nakai on S. 1063 ) today Reynoutria sachalinensis ( F.Schmidt ) Nakai the recognized name. Other synonyms for Reynoutria sachalinensis ( F.Schmidt ) are Fallopia sachalinensis Nakai ( F.Schmidt ) Ronse Decr. and Tiniaria sachalinesis ( F.Schmidt ) Janch ..