Federation

As the state of a state is referred to, which is composed of several parts or constituent states. In legal terms, there is such a federation made up of several state entities, that is, political systems with state quality, and therefore united in the usually different political levels in itself: a federal level and a level of member states. Thus, the federally organized state is bordered on both a loosely structured confederation as well as a unitary centralized state. The constitutional concept of the state is a normative concept.

Organization

A state can be either unitary or federal ( federal ) organized. In this sense, it is either a unitary state or a federal state. A traditional example of a unitary state is France. There has only the supreme, the national level in the state-building over sovereignty and statehood.

In contrast, federal systems like the United States of America or the Federal Republic of Germany have not only a sovereign state as a whole - with a republican form of government is this often referred to as the Federal Republic - and subordinate units with state quality ( part or constituent states / provinces ). These member states have the right to regulate much independently and without interference from the federal level, although there resident state organs (especially supreme federal bodies such as the Federal Parliament or supreme federal courts) them - are superior - in the hierarchical sense. The school system in the United States and in Germany, for example, organized in the member states, while the national level determined as the defense and foreign policy.

In a federal state parliament typically consists of two chambers. The one used for direct representation of the people and represents the people as a whole. The other principle represents the interests of member states ( Bundesrat ).

Define and develop

A federal state or federation ( constitutional states connection) is not only delineate the unitary state, but also on the state union ( international law association of states, possibly confederation ). A known issue for the assessment of state organization called associations: the state or confederation? Here, a confederation is a loose connection of individual states that retain their sovereignty so that the federal structure without sacrificing essential governmental powers is. The confederation as such can thus only take decisions if the individual states approve of this.

Germany

In German history, the German Confederation (1815-1866) is the most important example of a federation of states, the North German Confederation from 1867 to 1871, however, was the first German state. The Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany speaks to in Article 20 for the first time explicitly by a " State " for anchoring the federative principle.

1871 established a treaty of alliance German States the state of the German Empire. The state of the Weimar Republic, formed in 1919, as well as the state of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1949 by the constituent power of the people.

Switzerland

Switzerland is a federal state since 1848. The Cantons are sovereign insofar as their sovereignty is not limited by the Federal Constitution; they shall exercise all rights that are not transferred to the Confederation.

Pictures of Federation

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