Federico García Lorca

Federico García Lorca [ feðeɾiko ɣaɾθi.a loɾka ] ( born June 5, 1898 in Fuente Vaqueros, Granada Province; † August 19, 1936 in Viznar near Granada ) was a Spanish writer and poet. He is one of the most important Spanish composers of the 20th century and is today best known for his works for the theater.

Life

García Lorca was (even if the poet himself often the year 1900 as his year of birth stated ) in Fuente Vaqueros born on 5 June 1898. Lorca began in 1914, a university degree in law, philosophy and literature at the University of Granada. Extensive travels across the country followed suit. Until 1928 he studied at the University Complutense of Madrid. There he met, among others, the writer Juan Ramón Jiménez and the director Luis Buñuel.

Its region of origin plays a major role in Lorca's work, beginning with the First songs ( Primeras Canciones ) to House of Bernarda Alba (La casa de Bernarda Alba ), which together with Yerma and Blood Wedding (Bodas de Sangre ) forms a trilogy that of the position woman in the rural population as its theme. Lorca's style is characterized by a combination of secular tradition and the modernism of the 20th century.

His first literary works were written in Madrid, the Libro de poemas and his first play Mariana Pineda (1928 ). He also published Romancero gitano (1928 ), Poemas del Cante Jondo (1931 ) and Llanto por Ignacio Sánchez Mejía (1935 ). The latter is his most famous lyrical work dar. It is dedicated to a Spanish bullfighter, who was a friend of Lorca as well as a patron of the Madrid art world. He died in the exercise of his profession.

In Madrid, Lorca also met the surrealist artist Salvador Dalí know. Both developed a close friendship. The poet dedicated to the young and upcoming artists his Ode to Salvador Dalí (1926 ), this published in a literary magazine founded by Lorca ( Gallo ) his Manifesto anti- artistico catalán.

Romancero gitano was not only the most successful work of García Lorca, but also the most successful work, which had a poet of the Generación del 27 written. After his time in Madrid Lorca went in the summer of 1929 to New York, where he studied at Columbia University and gave lectures. In New York he felt but not well. The city was too big for him, he missed the nature, whose destruction by technology and progress, he complains in his surrealist work Poeta en Nueva York. In 1930, he traveled to Cuba. His deep connection to the Spanish rural population, in particular to the Gitanos, is also expressed in an ambitious theater project he initiated by the then Provisional Government of the Republic in 1931 led, as a director. The aim of this traveling student theater (La Barraca ) was to bring culture and education in the rural areas, especially classic Spanish stage works of Cervantes and Calderón were listed. In 1933 he triumphed in Buenos Aires during a trip to Argentina. More drama: La Zapatera prodigiosa (. Urauff. 1930, publ posth 1940) and Bodas de sangre (1933 ) Yerma (1934 ). In addition to his poetry, Lorca was also regarded as a gifted musician, he improvised on the guitar and on the piano and also composed some songs. He was friends with the Spanish composer Manuel de Falla.

His socially critical work had Lorca made ​​unpopular with the political right. This, and probably also his homosexuality led to his murder on 19 August 1936, a Phalange militia group under the Civil Guard commandant Ramon Ruiz Alonso, at the beginning of the Spanish Civil War, although at a known family of the right-wing camp he ( to which the poet Luis Rosales belonged ) had taken refuge.

In September 2008, arranged investigating judge Baltasar Garzón, the exhumation of 19 mass graves at, including one in Alfacar, in which, inter alia, also Lorca was suspected. The excavations in Alfacar that took place in November and December 2009, however, led to no result.

Translations into German

The translations of Lorca texts into German had long disputed. The longtime translator Enrique Beck had received from the heirs of the exclusive rights for translations into German. These translations were repeated target of criticism, especially by Harald Weinrich and Hans Magnus Enzensberger. Meanwhile, Lorca's works by different translators were transferred again.

Works

• The poems. Spanish - German. Edited on behalf of the Henry Enrique Beck Foundation, Basel Ernst Rudin and José Manuel Lopez. Selected and transferred by Enrique Beck. Wallenstein Verlag 2008, ISBN 978-3-89244-961-4
• Poems, Bibliothek Suhrkamp band 544 licensed edition of the ( c ) island publishing house Frankfurt am Main
• Diwan of Tamarit / Divan del Tamarit, Bibliothek Suhrkamp band 1047, licensed edition of the ( c ) island publishing house Frankfurt am Main
• Gypsy Romances, German by Martin of Koppenfels, Bibliothek Suhrkamp band in 1356, licensed edition of the ( c ) island publishing house Frankfurt am Main, ISBN 3-518-22356-9
• Dona Rosita remains unmarried or The Language of Flowers. Grana Diner seal around the year nineteen hundred. In various gardens divided and with singing and dancing, German Enrique Beck; Felix Bloch Erben, Berlin
• The pieces, German by Thomas Brovot, Hans Magnus Enzensberger, Susanne Lange, Rudolf Wittkopf, Suhrkamp, Ffm 2007, ISBN 978-3-518-41872-7
• Blood Wedding, German Enrique Beck, Insel Verlag, Wiesbaden 1952 - Island Library 562/1 (later: Blood Wedding / Bodas de Sangre Bibliothek Suhrkamp band 454 licensed edition of the ( c ) island Verlag Frankfurt am Main 1954, ISBN 3-518 -. 01454-4 )
• House of Bernarda Alba, German by Hans Magnus Enzensberger, Reclam Universal Library Volume 8525, ISBN 3- 15-008525 -X
• The audience / Comedy untitled, two pieces from the estate, German Rudolf Wittkopf, Suhrkamp Taschenbuch band in 1207, Suhrkamp Verlag, ISBN 3-518-37707-8