Felling

The felling allowed to bring a tree in the forest or tree work to the desired manner to case ( to cut ) or ablate. For this there are, depending on the situation, different cutting techniques. In addition, these and related techniques in the work-up of the tree - cutting, to useful pieces of wood - is used. By custom cutting techniques and the proper use of the tool can be used in forestry effectively and also a problem tree will surely like.

The standard technique of felling consists of a combination of both cuts and felling cut. Here, trees are generally with the chainsaw like. Previously, the hand with crosscut saw, ax and wedge, a more modern method is about the timber harvesters, or - in extreme situations - the cut out of the helicopter.

Basically, a tree is not " vice saws " but if it does not fall by itself, umgekeilt, the Austrian also cut or laid.

  • 3.1 The notch
  • 3.2 felling cut

Safety Wood cutting

For the felling of trees, there is a accident prevention regulations ( VSG) of the Agricultural Trade Association.

Protective clothing

The cutting without protective clothing is extremely dangerous. Protective clothing includes:

  • Safety Shoes
  • Protection trousers
  • Work gloves
  • Helmet with visor
  • Protective goggles
  • Ear protection on the protective helmet

Working up under voltage standing storm wood and bark beetles from infested stocks, special measures are required, as is an increased risk of injury. Special hazard also exists in rotten wood or extreme frost because of the brittle wood, and in some woods outside the wintry juice rest, because of the unpredictable behavior of the tree.

Danger area

As the danger zone a circular area is referred to the tree to be felled with a radius of twice the beam length (see UVV Forestry). In this area, other than those involved with the precipitation persons may reside. Forest paths, hiking trails, etc. are shut off. Public roads must be blocked in case of danger (Prerequisite: Application for a traffic law arrangement with the competent district office ).

Showing

Before the first section of the tree is exactly to judge ( tree assessment ).

The following factors are considered:

  • Which species?
  • If the tree or just "hang" it?
  • Where is the crown brunt?
  • Displays the tree stem rot or signs of bark beetle infestation?
  • If the wind conditions suitable to generally safe to cut down trees?
  • What dangers are in close proximity to observe ( people, animals, road, power lines, buildings)?
  • What technical resources are needed?

In the tree assessment of the tree is considered in its entire form. This begins with the determination of species. Long-fiber tree species such as oaks or pines have another case behavior than short-grain tree species such as White Pine or beech.

Depending on the direction in which the felling direction is and in what direction indicates the crown load, it is called a clip-on (hangs direction = direction of fall ), a side hanger (hangs direction perpendicular to the direction of fall ) or a rear hanger (hangs direction opposite to the direction of fall ). Due to the slopes towards the decision on the felling is made.

What are the wind conditions? Rule of thumb: If move more branches in the wind, the work is highly dangerous and adjust if possible. Due to the strong wind to be precipitated tree can not fall controlled.

Assigns to be precipitated tree damage or unhealed open sites on beef, then a blight to be expected in the core area. In nuclear rotten trees is an increased Fällrisiko, since the tree by the blight is unstable. If there are nails or other metal objects visible in the cortex, there is a risk that the chain breaks on impact. Are all factors evaluated, can be determined what technical tools are required. Standard equipment in the precipitation of a tree should be aluminum or plastic wedges with a splitting maul, and in low- wood a breaking bar. To secure at risk Baumfällung always lends itself to a Mehrzweckzug or a winch on a tractor. When danger trees can be viewed lump all trees in residential areas and on road slopes, as in the precipitation of an increased risk of persons, animals and property (cars, houses, etc.) exists.

When felling in local areas existing tree protection statutes also may be observed.

In addition to the Standardfälltechnik there are other felling as the precipitation with heart cut ( in case of insufficient guide rail ), the holding band precipitation at Vorhängern or precipitation with support belt at rear hangers.

The precipitation

After Beischneiden the root flares starting the felling notch facility.

The notch

The notch determines the direction of fall of the tree and is used to allow tilting in the desired direction. It consists of the felling notch and the felling notch roof.

Basically the case notch should be created under the root roll. The sole section is horizontal, slightly offset vertically to the horizontal are also sections of the buttresses.

He should have a fifth to a third of the way through. The Notching the roof should have at least an angle of 45 ° (at heart cut at least 60 °) to the felling notch, so as to get a large enough opening. This ensures that the tree during the fall not with the felling notch on the roof of the felling notch " seated " and the tribe thus can tear open in the longitudinal axis.

The Notching the tendon forms at the intersection of the felling notch roof and the felling notch, here it should be noted that both sections must meet exactly and must go neither of the two sections over the other. The solder of the tendon shows exactly in the direction of fall.

The direction of fall of the tree can control it by turns in the direction of fall directly to the tree with his hands touches the ends of the notch determines tendon and then merges the hands forward. The feet should always stand tree -width apart. The forward-facing hands then show fairly accurately the direction of fall of the tree. For long fiber tree species such as spruce or pine trees are then made on the outer edge of the tendon incisions in the trunk to sever the long outer wood fibers on the sole. The aim of this Splintschnitte is to prevent tearing of the lateral strain. In short fiber species (beech, etc.) this is not necessary.

After conditioning the case notch and again, checking the hazard and retreat area of ​​the tree can be felled by felling cut.

Felling cut

The felling cut is 1/10 of the way through, but at least set 3 cm above the felling notch. This height difference is called a fault scarp.

When you run the felling cut is to ensure that a fraction bar also 1/10 the diameter of the tree, but at least 3 cm in thickness between the felling notch and the back cut tendon remains. Fraction bar and stage form a hinge that holds the tree during felling and safely performs while falling. The remaining after precipitation at the bottom of the stem end remains of the broken bar are called " forest beard " means.

In a heavily drooping forward tree is allowed to stand a so-called retaining strap on the back of the tree. This will only cut when the felling cut has been executed. After division of the holding strip the tree falls down.

Are trees, always brought with the exception of so-called " Vorhängern 'by setting a FELLING WEDGE to the ground.

Fällhilfen

Mechanical Fällhilfen ( breaking bar ) are leveraged tools that reduce the force required for tipping the tree. For heavier trees wedges ( plastic, aluminum) and a heavy hammer can be used. In large timber hydraulic Fällhilfen can be used to minimize physical strain.

Others

The end of 2011 precipitated the Supreme Court judgment on the hazard of tree felling.

Harvester (forestry) Windthrow Fagus sylvatica Populus Stress (mechanics)
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