Feylis
The Faili Kurds or also called Feyli ( Kurdish فه یلی, Arabic: Al- Fayliah, in short: Failis ) are a Kurdish tribe, which in the Iraqi capital Baghdad, Diyala province adjacent and especially the border region with Iran live. Today there are an estimated 1 - 2.5 million Faili Kurds in Iraq and 2-3 million in neighboring Iran, exact numbers can be today because of deportations and persecutions but not hold. The Faili Kurds speak Faili, a dialect of the language Südkurdischen. In Iran there are among the Lurs some strains, which are also called Feyli.
- 3.1 nationality
- 3.2 Political Life
Origin of the name
The origin of the name Faili is and remains one of the greatest mysteries of this people. Several Western and local researchers have tried to find the solution. However, one could still not agree on the correct theory. Yaqut al - Hamawi al- Rumi (13th century) associates the word Faili with the Arabic term " profile " ( فيل ), which translates as "Elephant " means and on the lives of the people in the big mountains and the indicates strength of tribal members. Today's most common explanation of Mehrdad Izady, who coined the term " Faili " on the old Iranian Kingdom Parthia (Arabic Pahla, pronounced Fahla ) returns in whose territory the Failis then and now still live.
Culture
Way of life
Since ancient times, the Failis have lived mainly in the border region between Iraq and Iran, which consists of the Zagros mountains and cliffs. They live on both sides of this mountain in Iran and Iraq, and they call it Kabir Kuh, " the big mountain ." Your whole life is so focused on this place of life. The basic activities of the people are agriculture and sheep farming. Planting cereals, barley, wheat, and summer vegetables and fruits on the mountains or on the flats on, mainly for their own use, but partly also for trade. There are also some natural resources in the area, such as oil or natural gas to its promotion in recent decades has become a perquisite.
The Alvand River plays a major role for the residents of this area because it serves both as a means of transport, as well as an irrigation source for agriculture.
As for the weather, it is relatively dry summer, but the snow melts from the mountains and flows through the rivers and canals to the fields of Failis. In the summer they also move with their sheep to the tops of mountains, where there are vast pastures. When winter comes, they go back to their villages.
Some Kurds work in trade and commodity exchange and others have a free labor (urban professions). In the last decade, but benefit more and more tribal members of a good education and a degree from a university, which she pulls away from the border areas to the cities.
Tribes and clans
The Failis consist of many tribes, most of them called clans. These are usually named after the tribe founders or the tribal leaders. However, most clans are faced with peaceful and there is no strict hierarchy within the people of Faili which clan is the leader.
Threat
Nationality
The first Iraqi Nationality Act of 1924 divided the population into two categories A and B and thus created a " two-class citizenship ." Class A included all former members of the Ottoman Empire. Thus, only an " ottoman " could be a "real" Iraqi citizens. Subclass B were all other citizens of Iraq. From this disadvantage especially the Failis were affected because many of them had the Persian nationality.
Even after the end of the monarchy in Iraq ( 1958) was the " two-class citizenship " continues. This especially the Kurds and the Shiites were disadvantaged; the Failis were both Kurds and Shiites, and thus affected the hardest.
Political life
Since the establishment of the State of Iraq, the Failis were active participants in the political life of the country. In the political conflicts they referred mainly -Kurdish, left and democratic positions. After 1968, the politically active Faili Kurds were in opposition to the Ba'th regime. In Baghdad, they were the leaders of the Iraqi opposition to the dictatorship of Saddam Hussein.
Because of their political life the Faili Kurds were repeatedly suppressed and also sold: