Fezzan

The Fezzan (Arabic فزان, Fizzān DMG ) is a landscape in Libya, part of the Sahara. He is one of the three historical provinces of Libya and former United governorates, in addition to Tripolitania in the north and the Cyrenaica in the east.

Geography

The Fezzan is 551,170 km ² ( according to other sources 684 280 ), with a population of 413 005 (2003 ). In the west it is bordered by Algeria and the south of Niger and the Chad. The most attractive places are Mourzuk and Sabha. The latter is the administrative center for the Fezzan and has replaced in this function Mourzuk. Other important places are Ghadames and Ghat.

The country is mainly of sand, gravel and rocky deserts covered; However, there are populated oases. The Libyan government is keen to develop the region through the development of infrastructure and the establishment of irrigation systems. The risk of soil salinization is doing great.

On the territory of the former province of Fezzan were large until 2007, six of the 32 municipalities of Libya:

According to other sources is expected still to Fezzan Ghadamis (on the map No. 18).

History

Since ancient times, the landscape is inhabited by Berber peoples. By the 5th century BC, the Greeks were aware of the Garamantes. Although the Romans did not conquer the Fezzan, but they took expeditions to the Sahara and have probably reached under Maternus around 100 AD, the areas along the Lake Chad.

With the advance of Islam and the introduction of the camel, there was an upturn in the trans-Saharan trade, with Mourzuk established as a major trading center in Fezzan. After the arrival of the Arab Banu Sulaym there was a mixing of the Arab population groups with the Berbers.

Having had temporarily came under the reign of Kanem -Bornu in the 13th century Fezzan, got the country in the 16th century under the loose suzerainty of the Ottomans and the Qaramanli. When Italy conquered Libya, it subjugated 1930, the tribes of Fezzan. Since 1951, Fezzan forms - together with Tripolitania and Cyrenaica - The independent Libya.

Ruler list 1789-1842

  • Sharif Muhammad ibn al - Mansur al-Hakim (1789-1804)
  • Sharif Muhammad ibn al - Mansur al - Muntasir (1804-1811)
  • Yusuf al - Mukkani (1811-1831)
  • Sayf an-Nasr ibn Abd al - Jalil wheel (1831-1842)
DIN 31635 Sabha, Libya Ghat, Libya Ghat District Ancient history Karamanli dynasty
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