Fialka
The Fialka was a Soviet cipher with a key disks, which has been used in many countries of the Warsaw Pact. In the GDR, the Fialka M- 125MN was used from the year 1968. The Fialka M -125 3MN was used in stages from 1978. In the fall of 1990, brought together centrally in accordance with the agreement with the Soviet Union, all SAS and encryption devices from the Soviet production, and handed over to the western group of the USSR in Germany. SAS and encryption technology that is not as units of "guaranteed security " were classified as the Fialka M -125, have been destroyed by the Soviet armed forces in the steel and rolling mill.
Technology
The device is similar in appearance to a teletype. It requires 24 volts DC, the separate power supply is operating at 100 to 250 volts alternating current ( 50 to 400 Hz).
There are two basic versions of the Fialka, the M -125 MN and the technically demanding M -125 3MN.
The Fialka M 125 was used throughout the territory of the Warsaw Pact, but not in the intelligence alliance. It is an encryption device that was used only within the respective states. In the individual organizations (police, army, government, intelligence ), there were separate versions of the key slices. In the DV 040/0/010 is also specifically pointed out that the device is not to be used for the message exchange with other countries of the Warsaw Pact, this SAS and encryption devices were used at a higher security level, such as M 105 AGAT or T 206 MT Wesna.
The input is via a keyboard or via the 5 -channel paper tape. The output is in the M -125 MN
- A) printed on gummed strip,
- B ) punched and printed on 5-channel punch tape paper.
The issue occurs when the M -125 3MN
- A) printed on gummed strip
- B ) drilled on 5-channel punch tape paper.
- C ) printed and punched, with put switch on the right side of the M -125 3MN.
The M -125 and MN 3MN have ten key slices. The M -125 MN for days key setting only the key discs are changed in their order. The M -125 3MN has dismantled key discs, rotating and indexable inserts wiring. The outer ring can be adjusted to the daily key.
As Eingangspermutation a commutator is used. This permutes all 30 signals. The Enigma comparable Eingangspermutation was carried out by the plugboard, which at most thirteen, but usually only ten cables were plugged.
The ten key counter-rotating discs are designed for the Cyrillic alphabet and therefore have 30 contacts, in contrast to many Western instruments whose rotors have 26 contacts, according to the Latin alphabet. The keyboard of most devices has a double label to ( eg, German, Polish, Czech ) for both messages in Russian and in other languages to be used.
The M -125 MN has a small lever with which one lowers the type head or raises for the language change. With the lifting of the head type is " Cyrillic " is checked. This is necessary because you need a Cyrillic character for generating the spell key. The message key thus generated the key discs on the Ableseleiste be set.
In contrast, this lever no longer exists in the M -125 3MN. This machine is a two- register machine. With the appropriate keystroke ( A. .., 1 ..) you can switch to the different registers. The M -125 3MN has two interchangeable type wheels (Latin <> Cyrillic).
The M -125 MN encrypts only mixed texts (Latin = letters and numbers ) or only letters (Cyrillic). The M -125 3MN has three operating modes:
- A) mixing text (30 characters) (letters texts)
- B ) mixing text with tab switching ( 58 characters 2 tab switching)
- C ) digits 0 ... 9 texts
An emulation / simulation of the M -125 MN can be found on the sides of the links below. The M -125 and M -125 MN - 3MN are verified with the simulation version and fully compatible.