Fichtelberg
The completed in 1999, new Fichtelberghaus
The Fichtelberg Oberwiesenthal in Erzgebirge District is 1214.79 meters above sea level. NHN is the highest mountain in Saxony. Together with the nearby Klínovec ( wedge mountain, 1244 m) on the Czech side, it forms the most important winter sports center of the Ore Mountains.
- 6.1 Forest History
- 6.2 Botanical Special
- 6.3 Protected Areas
Geographical location
The Fichtelbergbahn rises within the Middle Ore Mountains in the Erzgebirge / Vogtland 1.5 km north of the state border. At the southern foot of the mountain lies with the Oberwiesenthal in Pöhlbachtal the highest town in Germany. About 750 m south-southwest is a little prominent secondary summit of Fichtelberg the Kleine Fichtelbergbahn (also called Rear Fichtelbergbahn; 1205.6 m). Approximately 4 km south-southeast rises with the Czech Klínovec ( wedge mountain, 1244 m) the highest peak of the Ore Mountains. In the wet source wells and bogs on Fichtelbergbahn numerous streams originate. The most important river is the springing there Zschopau.
Geology
The Fichtelbergbahn consists mainly of bright crystalline rocks, particularly from a variety of Muskovitschiefers. In the main, this is only rock of quartz and muscovite, orthoclase and biotite is partially included. When admixtures rutile, garnet, tourmaline, hematite and ilmenite occur.
Summit
At the top of the Fichtelberg are the Fichtelberghaus with observation tower, a meteorological station and a distinctive station of the Royal Saxon triangulation of 1864, were carried out with the measurements of regional and national importance. About the eastern flank of the mountain the Fichtelbergbahn levitation train from Oberwiesenthal leads to near the summit.
History
Origin of the name
The mountain was named after a then existing natural spruce forest stand ( see paragraph forest history ). Georgius Agricola used in the 16th century the Latin form Pinifer (Fichtelbergbahn )
Fichtelberghaus
A first albeit blank note on a building on the top of Fichtel found in 1699 published the historical scene of Christian Lehmann, where it says:
Although one erzehlet / that a hundred years ago, a pleasure and hunting house / builded by perfecting Freiburgische Men / it should be-ing been / but nunmehro is nothing more to find it / because there may have been little Ergötzlichkeit / a gunshot and thunderclap it bad bang is giveth / but as it were swallowed up by the Lufft.
The first detectable, planned by Oskar Pusch man Fichtelbergbahn house was built in the years 1888/89 on the Fichtelbergbahn. It was opened on July 21, 1889 and 1899 for the first time a new extension. 1910 the house was enlarged because of the traffic on the highest mountain of Saxony again. With the construction of the Fichtelbergbahn - suspension railway in 1924, visitor numbers continued to rise.
On the evening of 25 February 1963 broke out in Fichtelberghaus from a fire. 180 firefighters from across the county Annaberg were alerted and were involved in the fire fighting. Due to heavy snow drifts on the access road all extinguishing agents had to be brought up the mountain with the cable car. Because of the lack of water and frozen at -15 ° C hose that had been set by top Wiesenthal on the mountain, it was not possible to extinguish the fire. The building burned to the ground.
On 22 June 1965, the foundation stone was laid for a new building. Until 1967, a modern Fichtelberghaus with a sober, DDR typical concrete architecture and an integrated unadorned, 42 -meter high observation tower was built. For the new building provided the GDR 12 million marks available. On the ground floor was a large self-service restaurant, upstairs is a grill bar, a concert café and a conference room were housed. At the interior design had with well-known artists. The wooden walls in the vestibule and the room divider in the self-service were designed by Hans Brockhage. Carl -Heinz Westenburger created a mural for the front wall of the living room, where he represented the sporting life on the Fichtelbergbahn. End of the 1990s the Fichtelbergbahn house was rebuilt on the basis of the old building and opened on 18 July 1999. The newly built observation tower is only 31 meters high.
Weather station
From 1890 first regular weather observations were performed by the host of the Fichtelbergbahn house. On January 1, 1916, meteorologists began their records in the new weather center. It was founded by Paul Schreiber and expanded after 1950 to the mountain observatory.
Fichtelbergbahn - monorail
The Fichtelbergbahn - suspension railway is the oldest cable car in Germany and went in December 1924 in operation. It leads from the valley station ( 905.5 m ) for nearby on the Fichtelbergbahn mountain station ( 1208.9 m), is 1,175 m long and has a maximum gradient of 37.9 %. With a complete renovation 1984, all structures were replaced by new buildings. The monorail is currently operated with an exemption from the 2005, the 2011 will expire. In early July, 2010, the City Council Oberwiesenthaler therefore to substitute the monorail with a new building. Since even the beginning of July 2011 the country lacked funding in the amount of 2.5 million euros for a new building, the City Council of Upper Wiesenthal took a new decision. The new building was discarded and the monorail was renovated for planned 1.2 million euros. This measure was carried out from April 2012 to the beginning of the ski season 2012/2013.
Fichtelbergbahn
On Südostfuß of the mountain the Fichtelbergbahn, a leading of Cranzahl to Oberwiesenthal Saxon narrow gauge railway, which was opened in 1897 and is 17.349 km long ends.
Fichtelbergbahn Baude
The Fichtelbergbahn cottage once used as a guesthouse premises at the leading to the Fichtelbergstraße, on 21 November 2009, probably burned by arson.
Climate
Flora and Fauna
Forest history
The area surrounding the Fichtelbergbahn today vast spruce forests were subject since the first settlement of the area to constant use. Instead of today's dominant spruce forests the original forest cover was fundamentally different in the high and ridge lines. Also pollen analyzes from the God Gaber raised bog provided insightful results. The main tree species of the Hercynian mountain mixed forest, white fir (Abies alba), beech ( Fagus sylvatica) and spruce (Picea abies) were, in roughly equal parts to represent the ridges of about 30 %. In the old church chronicles and Waldtaxierungen to find descriptions of the original forest condition. The Fichtelbergbahn was planted with a mixed forest from above tree species. The fact that today dominates the spruce, is primarily a result of human influence. Improper management such as clearcutting and high game populations displaced the fir and beech continues from the forests and favored one side the spruce. With the start of proper forest management in Saxony in the early 19th century, the species composition changed dramatically. The oriented to the highest net yield management had the spruce pure stands in clear-felling system as an ideal. The existing today spruce forests are thus the result of forest management.
Botanical features
The exposed position of the Fichtelberg close to the natural tree line brings with it that the mountain and its surroundings are home to many rare montane plants. Noteworthy is the occurrence of numerous species that occur in the Alps or the tundra of northern Europe. Typically include Weißzüngel, Real Moonwort, Hohlzüngel, Alpine and Alpine Clubmoss Brandlattich.
Reserves
On the Fichtelbergbahn is founded in 1962 and 5.48 km ² large nature reserve Fichtelbergbahn ( LSG-Nr. 320 795 ), on the southern slope, founded in 1961, 18.67 hectares and two-part nature reserve Fichtelbergbahn with Schönjungferngrund ( NSG-Nr. 163092 ) and directly south-west that the nature reserve Fichtelbergbahn southern slopes, founded in 1997, 73.15 hectares and multipart ( NSG-Nr. 163093 ). To the west is the Little Fichtelbergbahn Nature Reserve, established in 1967, 5.25 acre and one-piece cane or reed grass ( NSG-Nr. 165205 ). These areas overlap with the Fauna- Flora-Habitat area '' Fichtelbergbahn meadows ( FFH-Nr. 5543-304 ).
Sports
The winter sports area on Fichtelbergbahn together with that of the Klínovec ( wedge mountain, 1244 m), the most important winter sports center of the Ore Mountains. The Fichtelbergbahn - monorail and a quad chairlift, the lead approaching the summit, and, among others, the two T-bar lift " Jacob's Ladder Lift" with several ski slopes open up the lying on Fichtelbergbahn part. They also include a north-northeast starting below the summit luge track and three south-east from the mountain standing at Oberwiesenthal jumps. According to planning a project group as a "country swing " designated cable car to be built after 2015, which connects the summit and ski resorts of Fichtelbergbahn and Klínovec. In addition to the valley station of the chairlift there is a summer toboggan run. On each first Saturday of October the Fichtelbergbahn run with start and finish in Neudorf takes place on the summit plateau.
View
This view comprises a large part of the central Erzgebirge. Beyond the Erzgebirgskamms the view extends eastward to the mountains of the Bohemian Uplands. During autumn and winter inversions of gaze sweeps sometimes under a clear sky on a closed cloud cover, look out from only the highest elevations. Noteworthy is the view of the 836 meter high Milešovka ( Milleschauer ) in the Bohemian Central Mountains during such weather conditions. A few days a year, a distant view to the Fichtelgebirge, the Giant Mountains and the Bohemian Forest and the Bavarian Forest, the Great Arber is possible.
Way to the summit
The journey time Fichtelbergbahn levitation train to the summit is three and a half minutes. There is also a bus service from Oberwiesenthal. At the top and below it there are several parking for cars and buses. The mountain is also achievable through a variety of trails. About him lead the European long-distance hiking trail E3 and the distance footpath Zittau - Wernigerode. The mountain is a magnet for cyclists and motorcyclists. Lead from Pöhlbachtal two long switchbacks - starting from 830 m - direction Czech border. A short flat section on it goes right up to the summit. The road passes through a passed within trees, which provide a distinct impression that you are on about 1000 m. The total length of this increase is 6.600 m and overcomes a difference in altitude of about 380 m.
The lesser known, but more difficult climb begins in Rittersgruen and puts it back a height difference of 556 meters at 13.64 km. The route passes through honor Zipfel, Zweibach and Tellerhäuser. After passing through these villages and some smaller exit passages extends a long, steep straight line which is flat up to the branch Fichtelbergbahn. Then it's 2 km up to the top of the Fichtelberg.
Asteroid Fichtelbergbahn
Since 2002 Fichtelbergbahn is also called a planetoid in the solar system, which was discovered on 21 January 1999 by astronomers of standing in the Erzgebirge Volkssternwarte Drebach. He now bears the official name ( 29736 ) Fichtelbergbahn and moves between the planets Mars and Jupiter around the Sun.