File (tool)
Files are more -edged, metal-cutting tools for working any material caused by the machining process files.
Files blanks are forged from alloy tool steel. The teeth are then carved as solid lines in the file blade (negative rake angle - file scrapes ) or milled ( positive rake angle - file cuts ). The sculptured lines can intersect, so the chips are easily broken. The arrangement of lines in the file differs from the rasp, in which the teeth are cut individually. The prepared blank is then cured and the Angel ( the part of a filing - blank for fastening of the handle ) by heating annealed or hardened at not to give it a certain elasticity. The file is a classic hand tool, it is also used by machine. One distinguishes the tool according to the form, the bat and the areas of operation. Files are used in mechanical engineering, tool making, mold and model for sharpening and deburring.
Structure of the file
The file is usually from the file blade and the cusped filing Angel. The filing Angel takes the preferable made of wooden handle, also called file handle on. To prevent splitting of the wood or plastic when driving the Angel, the ferrule, a small metal sleeve, the recording includes the file handle.
In terms of size, a distinction arm, hand, key and needle files.
Files types according to the form
Often files are distinguished by the shape of its cross -section:
- Barrette File
- Roof file
- Triangular file
- Triangular files
- Flat Files / hand files
- Spitz Flat Files
- Half Round Files
- Keyway files
- Knives Files
- Round Files
- Key Files
- Sword Files
- Square files
- Bird tongue Files
- Journal file
- Oak file
Files species after the blow
The linear arrangement of the notches on the file blade is called a stroke. Thus, the chips can drain the bat is inclined or curved for filing axis. After the bat type, a distinction felling, cross cut and rasp.
The single-cut transverse to the file blade can extend at a slight angle or arc. The latter two variants facilitate the flow of chips. The single-cut shape is mainly used for the machining of soft materials and for sharpening tools.
When Cross Chop the notches intersect at an acute angle. The blow produced first, the second referred to as a blow, as senior bat. The sub- bat is both more per centimeter file length and lower case carved in the rule than the upper stroke. Due to the angled notch and the various bats emerge laterally offset from one another diamond-shaped teeth, whereby the tension broken, and the scoring is counteracted. The Cross Chop is suitable for machining hard materials.
When rasp punctiform teeth sit individually on the file blade. You have in this sense is actually no chop. Soft materials such as leather and wood, but also hard stone can be personalized with her best work.
Milled tooth files usually have a single cut, which is curved or oblique. Helical files have this mostly incorporated chip breaker grooves. Their field of application corresponds to the rasp.
Bat speed and cut number
The expert also distinguishes the files still on the bat speed and the cut number. The blow count is the number of blows per cm in the longitudinal direction of the filing issue. Rasp in the number of teeth per cm ². The cut number in turn divides the possible bat numbers in accordance with the file length in areas on which are standardized according to DIN 8349. A short file therefore has the same cut number more blows per centimeter length files as one long file. This confusing at first glance dependence causes that have files with the same cut number, regardless of length, always the same number of strokes on their entire blade length. However, since small, short files require a much finer chop, by the same number to accommodate their entire blade length bats as large, long files with the same cut number, these are suitable for the significantly lower material removal accordingly for much more accurate and finer work.
The most commonly used files are the machinist's files from bat 1 to chop 4 For precision applications, there are still finer subdivisions up to bat 8 Ultrafine files but can also go up to bat 10, which are 10,000 strokes at 200 mm length files.
- Rasps are made with the bat numbers 1, 3 and 5
- Milled tooth files are classified according to the set of teeth 1, 2 and 3 in coarse, medium and fine.
Furthermore, there are diamond files, which are suitable for machining hardened steels and instead of bats is electroplated with diamond.
To rework damaged threads using Thread Files.