Filmfestival
A film festival is a periodic meetings, cultural events, are shown in the at a certain place several movies, most discussed and judged by a jury or the audience and won film awards, including not necessarily a part of a financial donation.
- 3.1 Germany
- 3.2 Austria
- 3.3 Switzerland
- 4.1 France
- 4.2 Greece
- 4.3 Italy
- 4.4 Nordic countries
- 4.5 Benelux
- 4.6 Portugal
- 4.7 Spain
- 4.8 United Kingdom and Ireland
- 4.9 Central and Eastern Europe
- 4:10 Eastern Europe
- 4:11 South East Europe and Turkey
- 6.1 North America
- 6.2 South America
- 7.1 Middle East
- 7.2 East and Central Asia
- 7.3 India
History and Development
Overview
The first festival of the film took place in 1932 in Venice. Moscow followed in 1935 with the International Film Festival Moscow.
However, many of the major film festivals are start-ups of the late 1940s and 1950s. This includes not only festivals in Europe such as the International Film Festival Karlovy Vary ( Carlsbad), the Locarno Film Festival, but also festivals in other continents such as the Festival Internacional de Cine de Mar del Plata in South America or the Kolkata film festival in Asia.
The festivals of Berlin, Cannes and Venice are considered the most important film festivals in the world. Your prices have for the art of film a similar value as the Oscars for the mainstream audience.
Many film festivals set priorities according to the content, topic or genre (eg Short Film Festival, Silent Film Festivals, TV film festivals, environmental film festivals, women's film festivals or festivals with films regional origin ).
Sections
In the design of film festivals, certain sections have been established, but can not be found in all festivals.
Competitions often divided into international and national competitions as well as in competitions for movie genre. They are often decided by a jury and end with the presentation of film awards. In so-called panoramic sections films outside the competition will be shown.
Tributes and retrospectives devoted to, for example, a particular director or a director. Country focal points are sometimes referred to as a focus.
For industry representatives often a film market takes place. Whose films found in the catalog of the particular festival.
Many film festivals organized framework programs and other cultural events, panel discussions, conferences and training seminars for filmmakers.
Classification
The International Film Producers Association Fédération Internationale des Associations de Producteurs de Films ( FIAPF ) sees itself as a global interface between film festivals and film industry and certifies international film festivals, the fulfillment of certain conditions ( = Accreditation). The annual FIAPF lists of accredited festivals are commonly seen as the benchmark for the international importance of a film festival.
The FIAPF distinguishes these categories:
- Festivals with international competition (A- festivals)
- Festivals with specialized international competition
- Festivals without international competition
- Documentary and Short Film Festival
The International Film Critics Association Fédération Internationale de la Presse Cinématographique ( FIPRESCI ) awards to selected film festivals own film awards. The presence of a FIPRESCI prize at a film festival is also regarded as an indication of the international reputation of the corresponding festivals, especially as the FIPRESCI on some other events, their award was granted as on those that are accredited by the FIAPF.
Younger development
The European Coordination of Film Festivals ( ECFF ), representing the interests of European film festivals, based in Brussels, goes up to 800 film festivals in the Member States of the European Union, including about 160 short film festivals. These estimates understate, because only the French short film Agence du court métrage counts on their Internet portal le- court.com over 220 Short Film Festival in France alone.
The worldwide increase in the number of film festivals - a trend that can be observed particularly since the 1990s - can be explained in part by the advent of new digital technologies in film production and projection ( projectors ).
This includes the so-called independent film festivals. Their focus on independent film as a differentiator to traditional festivals remains vague, as the term independent film in its original meaning is aimed at films that have been produced outside the major Hollywood studios. In this sense, show the most film festivals independent films. A common feature of independent film festivals is rather the lack of an established film market. An early example is the U.S. Sundance Film Festival ( since 1978), the. Using the argument that it is no longer "independent " enough, has received the 1995 Slamdance Film Festival, a competing independent film festival
Another recent development is the advent of festivals (especially for short films ) on the Internet that challenge to reassess the notion Film Festival.
A Festival
As film festivals film festivals are an international competition that are accredited by the Film Producers Association FIAPF.
The following film festivals are currently accredited by the FIAPF:
Film Festival in German speaking countries
Germany
Many major film festivals in Germany are start-ups of the 1950s:
The Berlinale in February each year, is considered the most important international film festival in Germany and one of the most important in the world. It takes place in Berlin since 1951.
What the Berlinale for the movie, these are the International Short Film Festival Oberhausen in May for the short film. They are the world's oldest short film festival founded in 1954.
The International Film Festival Mannheim -Heidelberg, since 1952 in Mannheim, since 1994, by addition of a Heidelberg Festival in two cities. It is considered one of the most important international film festivals for young filmmakers film writer.
The most important Festival for Documentary and Animated Film in Germany since 1955 the Film Festival Leipzig.
The Nordic Film Days in Lübeck since 1956 are one of the largest festivals of Scandinavian films outside the Nordic region as well as for films from the Baltic and from Schleswig -Holstein.
From the film festival created after the 1950s two are accredited by the film producers association FIAPF: goEast in Wiesbaden Festival of Central and Eastern European Film (founded 2001) and the International Children's Film Festival LUCAS in Frankfurt (founded in 1974).
Founded in 1982, initially every two years and taking place annually since 2005, the Festival of Animated Film Stuttgart show you the best short and long films and series in the field of animation. The best among them will be awarded in various competition categories. It is one of the world's biggest and most important festivals for animated films.
Since 1983 represents the Munich Film Festival every summer films, documentaries and short films as well as television films in the international, European or German premiere before. After the Berlinale, it is the second largest film festival in Germany. In 1985, the International Documentary Film Festival Munich was founded in Munich, which became the country's largest festival for the long documentary.
Since the 1990s, there were in Germany parallel to the digitization of the film, an increase in new film festivals. Specializing in film history is CineFest - International Festival of German Film Heritage, the 2004 from the organized since 1988 International Film History congresses of CineGraph - was Hamburg Center for Research film and video archives of the Federal Archives.
Austria
The oldest and largest film festival in Austria is the Viennale founded in 1960 in Vienna. 2007 91,700 people visited this only accredited in the FIAPF International Film Festival in Austria.
The most important festival for domestic productions since 1993 the diagonal, which will be held in Graz since 1998, every year in March.
The largest short film festival in Vienna in 2004 Vienna Independent Shorts.
Overall, the number of film festivals in Austria is estimated at over twenty-five.
Switzerland
One of the world's most important film festivals takes place in Switzerland: the International Film Festival of Locarno. With the establishment in 1947, it is also the oldest international film festival in Switzerland. Main prize is the Golden Leopard. This is now the second largest film festival in the German Switzerland is the international film festival in Zurich. In 2005, the Zurich Film Festival was founded. First prize is the Golden Eye. With the Lucerne International Film Festival, another member was added. It was founded in 2011 and plays in the new city of Lucerne international and national, as well as independent films. It takes place every year in October. The main prize is made of crystal glass Lion of Lucerne Monument.
The oldest and most important festival for films from Switzerland are the Solothurn Film Festival in January. They found in 1967 for the first time instead. Since 1998, the Swiss Film Prize is awarded in Solothurn.
The largest gay and lesbian film festival in Switzerland Pink Apple is held annually in the month of May and was organized in 1998 for the first time in Frauenfeld and from 2000 for the first time in Frauenfeld and Zurich.
Between 1995 and 2009, every two years, from 2009 annually takes place in Baden in September Fantoche, an international film festival for animated films instead. In addition to artists from around the world in an international competition, it also offers the Swiss work in the field of Swiss competition is an important platform.
Overall, the number of film festivals in Switzerland is estimated to be over forty.
Film festivals in the rest of Europe
France
The International Film Festival of Cannes are the epitome of an A - festivals. They found instead the first time in 1946.
Judging by the audience comes in France in the second place, the Festival du Court - Métrage de Clermont- Ferrand ( since 1982), one of the world's leading short film festivals. Its counterpart for animation films, the festival was founded in 1960 d' Annecy animation.
The Rencontres d' Amérique Latine in Toulouse Cinemas (since 1989) specializing in Latin American films, while the Festival du cinéma nordique dedicated in Rouen since 1988 films from the Nordic and Baltic countries.
Greece
The most important Greek Film Festival takes place in Thessaloniki since 1960, showing films new directors. The Film Festival of Thessaloniki has been held since 1960, since 1993 there is also a retrospective dedicated each year a complete work. The event is considered as almost A- Film Festival, officially does not have such an award FIAPF.
With the International Short Film Festival in Drama existence since 1978, also a great short film festival in Greece, which is organized annually since 1995. In Athens since 1988 exists an international festival called Panorama of European Cinema. A festival of environmental films organized Rodos International Films Visual Arts Festival - On the island of Rhodes is the Ecofilms.
Italy
The Film Festival of Venice are synonymous with those of Cannes. They apply with the foundation in 1932 as the world's oldest film festival.
The Torino Film Festival in Turin in 1982 was held for the first time and shows films in the international competition of new directors.
In French-speaking Val d'Aosta Courmayeur Noir is organized in the festival since 1991, specializing in Mystery movies and police films.
Significant new film festivals in Italy, the Festival del Cinema Europeo in Lecce (since 2000 ) and the Taormina BNL Film Festival in Sicily ( since 1999). BNL is an eponymous Italian banking group.
The " Bolzano Film Days" since 1986 in Bolzano, South Tyrol, place and show films and documentaries from Italy, Austria, Germany and Switzerland. Since 2003, the best feature film and best documentary will be awarded in international competition. In addition, the city of Bolzano assigns an audience award.
Nordic Countries
See also: List of film festivals in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden
The movie norske festivalen ( since 1973) in the Norwegian town of Haugesund shows films that reflect the new cinematographic developments. The Norsk filminstitutt awards on the Tromsø was founded in 1991 Internasjonale Film Festival in the northern Tromsø, Norway's largest film festival, every year its main prize Aurora. In Oslo there with film fra Sør an equally ancient festival of films from outside Europe and North America. The Sámi Film Festival in Kautokeino focuses on films by and for the people of the seeds.
In Sweden, the Stockholm International Film Festival, founded in 1990, is important. This festival, such as the Viennale in Vienna, no international competition. Older is the 1979 launched Gothenburg Film Festival in Gothenburg.
The Tampere International Short Film Festival ( since 1969 ) in Finland is one of the world's most important short film festivals. Another film festival in Finland is the Midnight Sun Film Festival, which was founded in 1986 by Aki and Mika Kaurismäki.
The oldest film festival in Denmark, founded in 1975 Odense International Film Festival, an international short film festival in Odense on Funen. The Copenhagen Film Festival CPH: PIX of 2009 showed, among other things from the Copenhagen International Film Festival. Det Danske Film Institute promotes the presentation of Danish films on domestic and foreign film festivals.
Benelux countries
The Brussels International Fantastic Film Festival in Brussels was established in 1983 and shows Fantasy films and science fiction movies.
The Flanders International Film Festival Ghent ( since 1974) in the Belgian city of Ghent 's emphasis on music in films.
Also in Belgium, Namur, since 1986, the Festival International de film Francophone de Namur for French- language films takes place. The Africa Film Festival in the Belgian city of Leuven ( since 1996 ) specializes in African films.
An important film festival in the Netherlands, founded in 1972 is the International Film Festival Rotterdam.
Cinekid, one of the world's biggest movie events for children, has been held since 1987 in Amsterdam, with about 30 satellite festivals in other Dutch cities. Also found in Amsterdam since 1988 held the International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam, which is considered the largest documentary festival in the world.
The Cinénygma Luxembourg International Film Festival is the most famous film festival in Luxembourg. It exists since 1997 and specializes in fantasy film.
Portugal
The peculiarity of Festroia in Setúbal, Portugal is that in international competition run only movies that come from countries where more than thirty feature films will be produced per year. The first festival was held in 1985.
The most important short film festivals in Portugal Curtas Vila do Conde apply in Vila do Conde (since 1993) and Corta! in Porto ( since 2003).
The autumn held annually since 2003 DocLisboa is the only pure documentary film festival in Europe, and the Fanta Porto since its foundation in 1981, one of the world's biggest festival for fantasy films. One of the biggest festivals in Portugal is the ( launched in 2004 ) Lisbon Independent Film Festival IndieLisboa. Since 1995 takes place with the CineEco one of the few festivals in the environmental film in Europe in Seia. Since 1988, the festival is dedicated Caminhos do Cinema Português Coimbra in the Portuguese film.
Spain
Spain has the highest density of recognized by the FIAPF Film Festival: A total of six festivals are accredited by international film producers association.
Founded in 1953, San Sebastián International Film Festival in the Spanish city of San Sebastián is an A- Festival.
Also a relatively early foundation is Zinebi - Festival Internacional de Cine Documental y Cortometraje, the Documentary and Short Film Festival of Bilbao ( since 1958).
Films for young audiences are shown at the Festival Internacional de Cine de Gijón since 1963. Gijón is a port city on the northern coast of Spain.
The Sitges Festival Internacional de Cinema de Catalunya, since 1968 in Sitges, in international competition shows only fantasy films.
In Valencia two major film festivals take place simultaneously: the Mostra de Valencia - Cinema del Mediterrani existed since 1980 and shows in international competition films from Mediterranean countries, while the existing since 1985 Festival Internacional de Cine Cinema Jove specializes in films new directors.
Not accredited by the FIAPF which is founded in 1956 Valladolid International Film Festival in the capital of Castile -Leon.
Great Britain and Ireland
The colorful The Times BFI London Film Festival in London (since 1956) is co-organized by the British Film Institute. There is no international competition.
One indication of the growing number of new film festival (also) in the UK since the 1990s, is the publication of a separate guideline ( "How to Set Up a Film Festival " ) by the British Film Institute in 2001.
In Ireland, the Cork International Film Festival is the oldest festival (since 1956).
Central and Eastern Europe
See also: List of film festivals in Croatia, Poland, Hungary, Slovakia, Slovenia and the Czech Republic
In Central Europe there is with the International Film Festival Karlovy Vary in the Czech town of Karlovy Vary an A festival that was founded in 1946.
Located in Kraków, Krakowski Festiwal Filmowy and thus one of the world's leading festivals for documentaries, short films and animated films was established in 1961. The International Film Festival Warsaw in the Polish capital exists since 1985 and specializes in first and second films.
In Pula, Croatia since 1954 there is the Pula Film Festival, will be shown at the movies at the venerable arena of Pula. The festival program consists of an official competition program of the native full-length film ( the main program of the national film ), an international program, a retrospective program and accompanying programs. The Split Film Festival in Croatia is also known under the name International Festival of New film ( since 1996). A small Croatian Film Festival is the Motovun Film Festival ( starting in 1999 ).
Slovenia has the Ljubljana International Film Festival since 1990, a larger film festival.
In Slovakia there is with the International Film Festival Bratislava began in 1999 and a major film festival.
In Estonia since 1997 the Film Festival of blind Nights ( PÖFF ) takes place.
Eastern Europe
The Moscow International Film Festival is founded in 1935, the second oldest A festival in the world.
Since 1970 in Kiev with the Molodist International Film Festival on a films by young directors and student films specialized festival.
Message to Man was established in 1988 in St. Petersburg as a festival for documentary films. Since 1994, short films and animated films run in international competition.
South East Europe and Turkey
The 1995, during the siege of Sarajevo, Sarajevo Film Festival, first held specializes in films from the Balkans.
In Cluj- Napoca, the third largest city in Romania, has been around since 2002, the Transylvania International Film Festival, the international competition specializes in first and second films.
The Sofia International Film Festival in Bulgaria has existed since 1997.
The oldest and most prestigious film festival in Turkey is founded in 1982, the International Istanbul Film Festival. It is dedicated to films about literature, theater, music, dance, theater and visual arts. In Ankara since 1997 exists with the Flying Broom International Women's Film Festival, a festival of films by women.
Film festivals in Africa
Africa has the Cairo International Film Festival, an A - Festival. It was organized in 1976 for the first time.
One of the most important festival of African cinema, the Festival du cinéma et de la panafricain télévision de Ouagadougou (Short form: FESPACO ). Venue of the festival, founded in 1969 is Ouagadougou, capital of Burkina Faso.
The oldest film festival in Africa is the Carthage Film Festival in Tunisia ( since 1966).
Founded in 1997, the Zanzibar International Film Festival in Zanzibar town in Tanzania, on the films from the Dhow countries so-called (ie East Africa, the countries around the Persian Gulf and the Indian sub-continent and the islands of the Indian Ocean) is specialized.
Film festivals in America
North America
The 1986 launched AFI Fest in Los Angeles is the film festival of the American Film Institute. The focus of international competition is on documentaries as well as first and second films.
As the oldest North American film festival is the San Francisco International Film Festival. It was first held in 1957. In the main competition run documentaries, shorts, animation and experimental films as well as films by young people and television films.
The Palm Springs International Film Festival is one of the largest film festivals in North America.
The Miami International Film Festival ( since 1984) is known for its competition for Latin American films.
The unspecialized important Chicago International Film Festival has existed since 1965.
Among the best known American festival for independent films is one of the with the name Robert Redford connected Sundance Film Festival. It was founded in 1978 and takes place each January in the cities of Park City and Salt Lake City in Utah instead. A counter-event to the Sundance Film Festival is the Slamdance Film Festival since 1995.
The Tribeca Film Festival in the homonymous district of New York City was co-founded in 2002 by Robert De Niro.
The Berlin & Beyond Film Festival in San Francisco is a major German -language film festival outside Europe.
In Canada, the World Film Festival of Montreal (since 1977 ) is the only A- festival in North America. The Canadian Student Film Festival, founded in 1969 with the oldest Canadian Film Festival takes place at the World Film Festival since 1985.
The Toronto International Film Festival ( since 1976 ) is a major festival without international competition and with affinity for the Hollywood cinema. Also in Toronto has existed since 1993 Hot Docs one of the largest international documentary film festival in North America. For documentary films and Asian films of importance, the Vancouver International Film Festival is.
Among the most important film festivals in Mexico include the Festival Internacional de Cine en Guadalajara (since 1986, in Guadalajara) with competitions for Latin American and Mexican films and the Festival Internacional de Cine Contemporáneo de la Ciudad de México (since 2004, in Mexico City).
South America
The Festival Internacional de Cine de Mar del Plata in the Argentine seaside resort of Mar del Plata is the only A Festival of South America. It is Established in 1954, the oldest film festival in the region. In the Argentine capital has been around since 1999, the Buenos Aires Festival Internacional de Cine Independiente.
The International Film Festival of New Latin American Cinema takes place every year since 1979 in Cuba.
The Festival de Cine de Bogotá ( since 1984) was initially specializing in Colombian films and is now a major international festival for new directors. Also specializing in new directors is the first time in 1977, held Sao Paulo International Film Festival.
The Rio International Film Festival was created by the merger of two existing Brazilian Festival 1999: Rio Cine ( 1984-1998 ) Show and Rio de Cinema ( 1988-1998 ).
As the largest short film festival in South America is considered the Festival Internacional de Curtas Metragens de São Paulo ( since 1990).
Since 1999, the Environmental Film Festival FICA is aligned in the Brazilian city of Goiás Velho Baroque.
Film festivals in Asia
Southwest Asia
In the Middle East there are ( with the exception of the already mentioned International Istanbul Film Festival ) no - FIAPF akkredierten festivals, but two, on which FIPRESCI prizes will be awarded.
These are the most important film festival Israel, the Haifa International Film Festival, founded in 1983, and the Tblisi International Film Festival in the Georgian capital Tbilisi ( since 2000).
Furthermore, the importance of the Jerusalem International Film Festival, which has existed since the mid-1980s, and The Jewish Film Festival in the same place, devoted to films of international origin with Jewish terms (eg, the Holocaust, the daily life in Israel, the immigration concerned to Israel in general, etc.). It was in 2006 in eighth place result; Michael Verhoeven got here the Achievement Award for his life's work, the constant commitment to National Socialism.
East and Central Asia
China and Japan have with the International Film Festival Shanghai (since 1993 ) and the Tokyo International Film Festival (since 1985) with a private A- Festival.
As the oldest film festival in Japan is the PIA Film Festival in Tokyo, which was founded in 1977 and is dedicated to young filmmakers. A Japanese Documentary Film Festival is the International Documentary Film Festival of Yamagata, which is held every two years since 1989 in Yamagata. One of the world's most important festivals for animated films will be held with the Hiroshima Kokusai Animation Festival since 1985.
Films new directors from Asian countries are since 1996 in the Pusan International Film Festival in South Korea on the program.
One of the oldest festivals in the region, founded in 1977, renowned Hong Kong International Film Festival.
All even years found in the North Korean capital Pyongyang the Pyongyang International Film Festival (formerly the Pyongyang Film Festival of the Non -aligned and Other Developing Countries ). It will be shown exclusively international films. Participants in 2004, inter alia, from the countries of Egypt, Georgia, Germany, Belgium, Hong Kong uv a
In the former Kazakh capital Almaty Film Festival are ( founded in 1998, not to be confused with the homonymous film festival in Istanbul) at the Eurasia International shown films from Europe and Central Asia.
The most important film festival in Thailand, Bangkok International Film Festival is ( since 2002). Also in Southeast Asia, in Singapore, since 1987, the Singapore International Film Festival takes place.
India
The oldest film festivals in India are using Founded in 1952, the International Film Festival of India in Goa and the Kolkata Film Festival. The first focuses on Asian films, on the other hand, the second no international competition. The third major international film festival in India is the International Film Festival of Kerala, which first took place in 1995 and films from Asia, Africa and Latin America shows.
For documentary, short and animated films have been around since 1990, the Mumbai International Film Festival which is usually associated with Bollywood city of Mumbai. In the capital, New Delhi was established with the Indian auction house Osian 's as main sponsor in 1999 Osian 's Cinefan as Festival of Asian and Arab Cinema.
Since February 2004, the Bring Your Own Film Festival takes place in Puri. Since 2006, the Bengaluru International Film Festival takes place - usually every two years - instead.
In Hyderabad, the International Children's Film Festival Hyderabad also takes place.
Film festivals in Australia and Oceania
The film festivals in Australia and Oceania go in the case of Melbourne and Sydney to the 1950s back in New Zealand to the 1970s. Most film festivals in Oceania take place, however only since the 1990s.
A characteristic particularly in Australia is the importance of short film festivals in mass culture. In New Zealand, the concentration of all major film festivals falls into the hands of an organizer.