Finishing (textiles)
The textile finishing is an area of textile technology. It follows on from the production of textiles and is technically interwoven with this many times in practice. In large part, it uses methods from chemistry ( textile chemicals ), but also purely mechanical and combined are used, often in conjunction with thermal.
Demarcation
It is especially processes that are located between the preparation and further processing of the textile. The ennobling process affect almost all textiles at the fiber level, ie microscopic and below, but with grossly visible consequences.
Purpose
The aim of the Textile Finishing is the completion of the production cycle of textiles of various presentation forms (eg, roving, strand, coil ) to meet the required technological and chemical properties of their future intended use as well as possible.
Application and procedures
Finishing processes can in all presentations:
- For fibers and yarns ( yarns or threads )
- Fabrics ( woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, non-woven, felt)
- Mixed goods
- Or manufactured articles.
Carried out. Accordingly, the selection of suitable textile machinery and equipment is necessary.
Textiles are extremely diverse, one need only compare baby clothing, tarpaulins and awnings, fire blankets, clinical association fabrics, carpets and floor coverings, Ropes, linens, etc. with each other.
Due to the variety of possible applications of textiles, the individual goals and methods of processing are very different and therefore require the substrate- dependent items and combination of several processes that are applied in the various stages of textile production, repeated in part.
The production step Textile finishing includes quality control and classification of raw materials. As the last step of textile finishing (equipment) quality control ( Inspection ) and featuring the most web-like fabrics in shipping finished pieces done. (Roll, doublierte winding, etc.).
In general, the textile finishing are divided into the following steps:
- Control the quality of raw materials
- Shredding
- Comb
- Desizing
- Bleaching
- Washing
- Tighten
- Mercerization
- Calenders
- Shrinking
- Pickle
- Embossing
- Impregnation
- Crease-resistant equipment
- Soft handle
- Flame-retardant finishing
- Odour equipment
- Anti-dirt equipment ( Oliphobierung )
- Biocides equipment ( eg for protection against fungi, moths, bacteria)
This basically done in sequence, depending on substrate, products and / or the desired effect, pretreatment and dyeing processes - rarely dyeing and finishing processes - can be summarized in one process step. A succession of different process steps or repeating an already running treatments with different parameters is the rule rather than the exception.
Training
In addition to teaching for textile finishers, there are courses in textile chemistry at the Niederrhein University and University of Hof / Munchberg and the University of Stuttgart, branch Denkendorf. Trainings and conferences are organized by the Association of German textile finishing experts eV ( VDTF ).
Outskirts
Some of the finishing processes be used in the same or modified form for non-woven web or rolls, for example, embossing, dyeing, bleaching in paper and leather, or calendering and printing of paper and plastics, and so on.