Fire alarm system

A fire alarm system (FAS ) is an alarm system from the area of ​​fire prevention, the events from different detectors receives, evaluates and then responding. In response various technical means can be controlled, for example:

  • Forwarding of a fire alarm at the continuously manned control center to alert the local fire department;
  • Triggering an internal alarm in order to control the fire brigade before forwarding to whether a decoy or a false alarm;
  • Triggering an alarm to evacuate an object;
  • Opening of smoke removal facilities;
  • Control of elevators;
  • Close fire barriers;
  • Triggering of an object protection system, eg CO2 extinguishing system.

For detecting ( fire ) events fire detectors of different parameters (eg, smoke, temperature, flame etc.). Also, a fire extinguishing system can serve for detecting a fire ( burst of Sprinklerfässchens ).

Most of fire detection systems in high-risk buildings, such as airports, railway stations, universities, schools, corporate buildings, factory buildings, retirement homes or hospitals are installed. The obligation to an incorporation a bridged on the fire department fire alarm system is regulated by the building regulations as part of special building codes. Optionally, the supervision require the installation of a fire alarm system with the building permit. It can also be provided for insurance aspects for limiting an insurance premium.

For planning building regulations required fire alarm systems, the requirements of DIN 14675 are used in the rule. In insurance terms required services must meet requirement of the VdS 2095. For the design and components 0833-2 requirements are met in the DIN VDE. The components themselves are defined in the standard series DIN 54.

In many states in the future also apartments must be equipped with smoke detectors. In some states they are already mandatory. These so-called smoke alarm (according to DIN 14676 ) are basically small fire alarm systems, consisting of a detected and an alarming unit.

The advantage of the fire alarm system is that a fire is detected early, regardless of the presence of persons and measures to be taken. Thus, the alerted by the fire alarm system people intervene quickly and possibly extinguish fires already in the development phase. In areas where people sleep (eg hotels ) may be an essential element for the protection of personnel, a fire alarm in conjunction with an alarm. In principle, the possibility of false alarms must be taken into account, inter alia, (formerly Druckknopfmelder ) can be triggered by false evaluations of automatic fire detectors and by malicious activation of manual call points. Here the development is now so far that in object- equitable planning of the risk of false alarms is greatly reduced ( eg operating mode TM). Against intentional release you are basically never immune. Also, a fire may be due to arson.

Technology

Usually several fire detectors are combined into groups or grinding. If an alarm is triggered, the fire alarm system displays the number and sometimes the same location of the abutting fire detector.

If hot work (eg welding) are carried out, a whole loop is turned off, as hot work heat, light or smoke can cause a false alarm. The rest of the object remains continue to be monitored. In newer systems, the shutdown of individual detectors is possible. False alarms ( commonly: false alarms ) occur among other reasons, because hot work are not, as required by regulation, reported. In addition, false alarms occur when there is a pressure drop in the sprinkler, bursting through the Sprinklerrohrs.

In systems with current technology status, participants are connected together on a bus in a ring, then that failure of one side of the line identify and evaluate the system on the other side of the line the participants.

For special applications (for example, clean spaces such as laboratories and plant rooms) are used as an alternative to a small fire alarm system or as part of a large system and smoke extraction systems (RAS). This air is sent to a central detector unit via a pipe system.

Fire Alarm Control Panel (BMZ )

The fire alarm control panel (abbreviation: BMZ) is the center and therefore the most important component of the system. There, all messages of the installed sensors run on and solve the previously programmed action. This can be the making an emergency call, the drive of a computer or an announcement unit. The BMZ usually combines a control unit and the so-called fireman's panel.

After triggering the BMA firefighters gives usually access to the object via the fire brigade key safe. After the access to the building is available, the triggered detectors (if any) is determined with the help of fire brigade display panels (FAT ). The other key functions via the fireman's panel. Optionally, the detector can also be determined via a fire alarm panel. When a fire alarm panel of the layout of the building is shown, the individual detectors are marked out by LEDs. The fire department takes now out of the barrel card box, the fire service cards that have recorded for each detector group the fastest of the fire alarm system path.

In addition, the fire department - depending on the location, size and location of the building - call for a run card printer that prints out the running cards.

Aufschaltgrundlagen

Transmission opportunities

Most firefighters, operations center or private patrol is informed without delay via a transmission device via dial-up connection. However, there are also systems on a connection with a direct leased line, ISDN D- channel ( X.25/X.31 ) or GSM radio is manufactured. Which type of connection is used here control the technical Aufschaltbedingungen.

Aufschaltbedingungen for fire alarm systems

The Technical Aufschaltbedingungen for fire alarm systems ( TAB), will be published in Germany by the individual counties or under the direction of the local fire department. In them individually defined technical Aufschaltbedingungen are defined, which are imperative to plan a fire alarm system in accordance with DIN 14675, assemble and maintain maintenance. The decrease of the fire alarm system is only if the respective technical Aufschaltbedingung. The technical Aufschaltbedingungen be necessary, also called attachment requirements.

In November 2003, the current DIN 14675 is entered on fire alarm systems in place. The most important change: planning, design, installation, commissioning and maintenance work may only firms or engineering firms to perform that are certified in accordance with DIN 14675. In most newly written TABs is now required by the designers and installers of fire alarm system certification according to DIN 14675. There are in Germany according to DIN 14675 over 2130 certified company.

The transmission must be sought from the concessionaire of the region. The end user ( operator / owner of the object ) to exclude from a lease agreement for a specified term (usually 10 years) with the concessionaire.

Since December 2006, Amendment 1 to the Standard DIN 14675:2003-11, since June 2009, the amendment A2 and A3 since June 2010, the draft is available. The draft A3 the topic voice alarm systems is treated.

In Austria, the fire alarm system must itself TRVB -123 00 correspond. The requirements to be able to turn on a fire alarm system in the fire service are included in the TRVB 114-06. In addition to the technical requirements and organizational measures are necessary. Thus, a fire protection system is inextricably linked with a fire key deposit and a fire protection plan. Data transfer must always be possible via two redundant systems.

Manufacturer (selection)

Manufacturer of fire alarm systems include:

  • ABB
  • Bosch Security Systems
  • ESSER (Honeywell International)
  • Fagus -GreCon
  • GE Security
  • Hekatron
  • Minimax
  • Notifier ( Honeywell International)
  • Schrack Seconet
  • Siemens Building Technologies
  • Total Walther GmbH
  • Tyco
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