First Epistle of Peter

  • Matthew
  • Markus
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  • Roman
  • 1 Corinthians
  • 2 Corinthians
  • Galatians
  • Ephesians
  • Philippians
  • Colossians
  • 1 Thessalonians
  • 2 Thessalonians
  • 1 Timothy
  • 2 Timothy
  • Titus
  • Philemon
  • Hebrew
  • Epistle of James
  • 1 Peter
  • 2 Peter
  • 1 John
  • 2 John
  • 3 John
  • Judas

The First Epistle of the Apostle Peter is part of the New Testament of the Christian Bible.

The author exhorts the recipients to remain true to the faith and tells them that they are called as Christians to share in the suffering of Jesus as well as then in his glory.

Author

Verse 1.1 EU are the Apostle Peter as the author. 5.1 EU, the author calls " fellow elder and witness of the sufferings of Christ." He writes the letter " through Silvanus " ( 5.12 EU) and calls Mark his "son " ( 5.13 EU).

The authorship of Peter is confirmed in the patristic tradition: In the 2nd century of Polycarp, Papias, Clement of Alexandria and Irenaeus, in the 3rd century by Tertullian, Origen, and Cyprian. In all of these authors, the first Epistle of Peter is considered one of the generally recognized journals and never found its inclusion in the canon in question.

The historical- critical research today mainly doubted that Peter was the author, and for the following reasons:

  • The style of 1 Peter is Koine Greek; not only verbal, but literary Koine, suggesting Greek as mother tongue of the author. The mother tongue of the fisherman Peter from Galilee (who is referred to in Acts 4,13 EU as uneducated ) but was most likely Aramaic. Although Peter was familiar with the then " world language " Greek, but with him such a written command of Greek is hard to believe.
  • The author of 1 Peter quoting the Old Testament mostly after the Greek translation. Only 1 Peter 4.8 EU cracks appeared to result directly on the Hebrew text of Proverbs 10:12 EU.
  • The letter sounds too little personal; to the Jesus tradition is merely pointed in the traditional language of early Christian (1 Peter 2.22 to 25 EU). In Petrine authorship would be expected that the letter would give exclusive knowledge of an eyewitness.
  • There are contextual links between the 1 Peter and Paul's letters.
  • 1 Peter 1.1 EU presupposes that Christianity in Asia Minor has already taken root in different areas.

Counter-arguments are:

  • To Koine Greek: Peter came from Bethsaida, a bilingual Greek- Jewish town ( which is further emphasized that his brother Andrew had a Greek name ), and he was probably decades in the Greek-speaking diaspora. Silvanus / Silas, whom he mentioned as co-author, is a Roman citizen and safely Greek speaking.
  • To theology, the Pauline stands near: Between Peter and Paul there was mutual respect and probably no significant theological differences. Your mentioned in Galatians 2:11-21 EU dispute did not relate to differences of theology, but their practical implementation ( Paul threw Peter before that he did not act according to his theology ). The Old Church knew nothing of a sharp theological opposition between the two; only theology in the 19th century brought on these thoughts.
  • The letter contains traditional material ( exhortation, confessions, songs ). Such Good thinks only to find the one that emanates from a late dating. The text of the letter there is no apparent evidence.
  • Addressed in the letter persecution of Christians: You have not the time to think Trajan ( 100 AD), because the letter does not speak of a systematic government persecution of Christians. And selective persecution of Christians by the pagan environment already existed in the first decades after AD 30, in several parts of the Empire (eg Paul on his missionary journeys ).

In addition to a Mark ( 1 Pt 5,13 EU) also mentions Silvanus (1 Peter 5:12 LUT " by Silvanus, a faithful brother, I have you, I think, a few words written " ), possibly with the companion of Paul Silas is identical. Some Catholic and evangelical theologian is therefore presumed that Silvanus wrote the letter on behalf of Peter ( Secretary hypothesis ), perhaps in the last years of Peter.

With the city of Babylon, which is given in 5.13 EU Abfassungsort, Rome is probably meant.

Receiver

The letter begins with the words:

  • Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ, to the strangers scattered throughout Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia and Bithynia, who are chosen according to the foreknowledge of God the Father, through sanctification of the Spirit, unto obedience and sprinkling of the blood of Jesus Christ: Grace and peace be multiplied to you given!

After 1.1 EU verse of the letter is obviously addressed to the Christians of the Dispersion in Asia Minor. Only the southern Roman provinces, Lycia, Cilicia and Pamphylia, in Asia Minor, are not mentioned.

Some verses, such as 2.9 or 4.3 EU EU indicate Gentile Christians as a receiver, from a mixed Jewish and Gentile Christians readership is therefore not excluded. It is even likely, as there were many Jewish Christians in Asia Minor.

Dating

Upon acceptance of the authenticity of the letter is dated to the period around 60, in case of rejection of authenticity to the period around 90 AD

Content

  • Greeting ( 1:1-2 EU)
  • The lively hope of Christians ( 1.3 to 12 EU)
  • Exhortation to a holy life in the vocation as Christians (1.13 EU-2, EU 10 )
  • The behavior of the servants of God (2.11 EU-3, EU 22 )
  • The Church of Christ (4.1 EU -5, 9 EU)
  • Blessing and greetings

Important points

  • 2.9 EU The priesthood of all believers

Comments

First Epistle to the Corinthians Second Epistle to the Corinthians Epistle to the Galatians Epistle to the Ephesians Epistle to the Philippians First Epistle to the Thessalonians Second Epistle to the Thessalonians First Epistle to Timothy Epistle to Titus Epistle to Philemon General epistles First Epistle of John Second Epistle of John Third Epistle of John Epistle of Jude Gotland Asia (Roman province) Klaus Berger Udo Schnelle Bibleserver.com Johann Tobias Beck Typology
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