Five-Year Plans for the National Economy of the Soviet Union

A five-year plan, and five-year plan or five -year plan is a common in centrally planned economies instrument of planning economic activities. They usually contain allocations of funds and resources, as well as specifications for deliverables production and services. The plans determine many economic variables, including investment, prices and wages.

The People's Republic of China is structured their economic planning in five-year plans.

As an argument for the establishment of plans was led, among other things, that market forces do not provide for a timely distribution of resources among the population. The main point of criticism of plans is that they inhibit the suppression of competition the progress that it is basically impossible to capture the complexity of an entire economy, and to plan for years to come.

Applications

Bhutan

The Kingdom of Bhutan is since 1961 a five-year plans for the targeted development of the country. The objectives of these plans had been, for example, Construction of transport infrastructure, expansion of hydropower, the promotion of industry and agriculture, poverty reduction, and increasing independence and self-sufficiency. The planning and oversight of the above, the " Commission for the gross national happiness."

China

The People's Republic of China uses five-year plans for economic planning. Currently, the 12th five-year plan in place, who is from 2011-2015.

Germany

During the period of National Socialism from 1936 there was the four- year plan, which has sometimes been compared to the five-year plan. However, identifications are only limited because of the four-year plan was geared entirely to the development of military armaments, while the five-year plan represented a comprehensive development plan of the entire economy. Of course, in this case the different basis of the economy ( guided or nationalized state industry ) is essential.

After a two-year plan (1949-1950) is also set in the GDR on the Five-Year Plan. After the first (1951-1955) and second ( 1958 ) Five-Year Plan in 1959 they wanted to introduce the seven- year plan, but it should only last until 1963 and by 1963 was considered a long-term plan to 1970 and was concretized in individual annual plans. Five-year plans were drawn up by the State Planning Commission and contained assignments of funds or resources and specifications for deliverables production and services. The specification of the goods to be produced was not made on demand, but due to central quantity forcing, which has been pejoratively referred to as tons of ideology.

Currently, five-year plans by BSWAG for the upgrading of railway are created in Germany.

France

In France, annual plans since 1947 set up, starting with the first plan 1947-1953, the plan Monet. The tenth annual plan ranged from 1989 until 1992. The future of planification is currently in France in the political consultation process.

India

The Indian government put before the liberalization of the 1990s to five-year plans. The first Five-Year Plan 1954-1956 was in force.

Japan

The LDP governments in Japan from 1955 to 1980 also set up five-year plans for the Japanese economy.

Soviet Union

In the countries of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance, the five- year plan (Russian пятилетка / pjatiletka, пятилетний план / pjatiletni plan ) was a widely used instrument for planning economic activities. The first five- year plan was implemented in 1928 in the Soviet Union to the previous agricultural state to build a defense industry (see industrialization of the Soviet Union). 1956 even a Seven-Year Plan was introduced in the Soviet Union, later, returned to the five-year plans. The twelfth and last Five-Year Plan of the Soviet Union lasted from 1985 until 1990. Following the 13th Five-Year Plan in 1991 was stopped early because of dissolution of the Soviet Union.

South Korea

South Korea was planning its economic recovery from 1961 under Park Chung -hee also in five-year plans.

Business Administration

Five or multi-annual plans are used in business strategic planning in organizations and businesses, and have no reference in this context. Often for another term is used to no relation to the planned economic five-year plans to create. This medium-and long -term goals are set, which is usually associated with political decisions. A practiced mainly in market economies instrument are funding programs. An example of this are the four years to 2006 research framework programs of the European Commission.