Flashcard

The learning index is an aid for systematic learning. For this purpose, a certain word (e.g., word, date, etc. ) is written, and on the back, the solution ( the fact is to be learned ) on the front of a card. With the help of several compartments, it is possible to exactly repeat the facts that have not been internalized.

There are also flashcards software.

For example, three subjects: 1, 2 and 3 are beginning all the cards in Tray 1 Tray 1 The Cards are repeated daily, the cards in tray 2 every other day and the maps in compartment 3 every fourth. If the solution is an index card properly recognized, it will be put back into the respective next compartment. Was the solution is not known, it does not migrate into the respective next, but back in the front tray 1

This system developed Sebastian Leitner, which he in his key work of learning to learn in 1973 introduced (Today's title: So you get to learn ).

Scheme

In comparison to the above example shows the basic scheme that you can use more than three subjects naturally. The principle is always the same: The card with the answer that you know comes into the next compartment. The card with the answer that you do not know, comes back to the very first compartment. In contrast to the picture presented above, it is useful to make the subjects of different lengths. The first compartment is very small ( 20 to 30 index), the second compartment a bit bigger, the third still somewhat larger than the second, etc.

Tips and Tricks

One recommendation is that one should repeat depending on the type of learning and personal capacity as follows: Card Tray 2 every two to three days in every ten Tray 3, Tray 4 and Tray 5 every 30 after 90 days. What is there still can, you will not normally forgotten, the card can be removed. However, one must not count strictly by days also. It is enough to start with a small compartment and in each case by 1.4 to 1.5 times to capture the next compartment bigger and then always regularly work through the full current subjects.

For the mental arithmetic for children with dyscalculia Armin Born and Claudia Oehler recommend a modification of the standard procedure, the preparation of a flashcard with ten small compartments to 1.5 cm, followed by two larger compartments to 4 cm and 11 cm. The maps in the subjects 1 to 10 are repeated daily and hike in case of success, a specialist on. To avoid frustration, but they remain in the respective subject, if they are not yet mastered. Cards from the two large, rarely practiced subjects at the end hike on trip back to tray 1 but five subjects. Every day, 3 new cards in the tray 1 In the application of flashcards on the basics and Einpluseins it is also important to evaluate very fast responses as successful because the results learned by heart and not determined ineffective by counting or by computing tricks should.

Another tip is the " learning with several senses ": The learning theory suggests that the retention rate is higher, the more senses are used in learning. If pronounce in learning the question and answer, according to the index (ie, by seeing, speaking, hearing already three senses used ), the retention rate increases significantly.

Areas of application

Besides vocabulary you can learn with a flashcard other content:

In a DIN A6 sheet system can also be a single, folded A4 page, the content needs to be repeated to be accommodated.

Chain sets (instead of memorization )

Formats

In the last selected question and answer positions, it makes sense to choose not too small index cards. The format DIN A6 is making itself quite well. In vocabulary A8 is recommended for compatibility with most industrially offered Vokabeltrainern or vocabulary boxes.

Advantages and disadvantages of the method

Advantages of this method are that the long-term retention is particularly promoted and the user also gets a good feel for how much is the own knowledge ( especially helpful for exam nerves ). Here, those index cards are amplified touched that have not yet learned, thus avoiding empty runs (eg in comparison to the classical vocabulary book ). Compared with the flashcard software there is the advantage that cards can be taken in smaller quantities everywhere and it can be an electronic device more durable, so therefore are more suitable for large-scale learning projects (eg in-depth learning of a language ). In practical use, the efficiency of the method can be enhanced when learning with several senses, that is, not only the front and back considered, but here also the words are spoken aloud.

A disadvantage of this method is that you have to apply it regularly in order to achieve long -term learning success. Another disadvantage is the Hand-made. There are commercially indeed already vocabulary boxes and Vocabulary Builder for languages ​​available for purchase, including basic principles of business administration, there are corresponding offers (as of December 22, 2013 ). However, the index cards usually have to be created even for other fields of knowledge, what some writing and thus means time. In addition, the learning (index ) cards must be very carefully created, because errors in the manual creation otherwise be learned with in the following. Compared with the flashcard software has the disadvantage that several file boxes also take some space.

However, when using the flashcards own various activities are used (writing, if necessary question and answer even formulating, reading, speaking, listening ), which is a long-term learning effect beneficial at general scientific opinion.