Flow (television)

With the audience flow (Eng. about " audience flow " ) is given in percentages, how many spectators could be taken while watching TV or listening for radio from the last mission for the next.

General

Audience flow or spectators hike denotes the migration of television viewers in successive transmissions. Using the Audience flows viewer loyalty can be quantified, one of the main objectives of the program. It is therefore used as a programming instrument and is one of their most important tasks. These successive programs ("Program lines " ) are vertically such programmed that successive programs possible fit well in content and in terms of the target group to each other. The aim is to optimize the audience flow so that the viewers do not leave the station by zapping or go back to it. Examples are the afternoon sent in succession court and talk shows, the television series in the early evening on ARD or sequentially switched crime series with a single transmitter.

Inside prime time about 50 % of the audience are inherited to the succession broadcast from the same transmitter as long as the programs fit together and no scope for conflict. Due to the sizeable audience shrinkage in political magazines, the ARD had decided in September 2011 to move the Monday broadcast Magazine on Tuesday, so that they could participate from the popularity of the soap opera All about friendship as part of the audience flow here. It can be assumed that the viewer loyalty is higher if no genre change between two successive transmissions is made. Television stations are therefore trying to create as "soft" transitions from one episode to the next and to obtain the greatest possible homogeneity of the programs. Viewers tend to remain at the station if there are no commercial breaks, does not send long end credits, but a rapid transition between the programs exists. In the wake of an upstream soap opera viewers shrinkage of Political magazines during "prime time " is less pronounced.

History

The now- liquidated rating agency CE Hooper had begun in September 1945, thus, the radio listeners movements ( "flow" ) to measure from one station to another and the methods continuously until August 1946 to refine a rating. In January 1950, Hooper and Nielsen Media Research shared on the market, and Hooper was allowed to continue to measure the local radio stations and rose to become the market leader. Hooper called the radio listeners and ask them which station they heard just what program they pursued there and who the sponsor thereof. Pioneer of audience flow on television was the U.S. National Broadcasting Company ( NBC), the concept of which was to draw the attention of viewers and keep them through seamless cross -border programs also. NBC led the distinctive clamp elements with the breakfast television ( Today, from 14 January 1952) and the Late Night Show ( The Tonight Show, from 27 September 1954) a.

Commercial break

The interruption of a broadcast through commercials leads to migration, because over 50 % of television viewers and radio listeners switch off as soon as advertising comes; only 9 % did not change the program by zapping. To improve the audience flow transmitters have been transferred to the hinge commercials ( a commercial break between an ending and a beginning new show, often as a " countdown advertising") to replace almost entirely by commercial breaks ( commercial break during a broadcast ). The rule of migration through commercial break applies but not always. An attractive series can take it to be after the start interrupted by advertising because the audience interest prevents disconnection or return guarantees; the other hand, could not recover in a smaller transmitter from an early commercial break a lesser known series.

With self-promotion for specific programs ( " teaser " ) is also attempted in close temporal proximity to the advertised program to discourage viewers from zapping.

Demarcation

The inheritance effect describes the audience intersections between any two directly successive programs. In this case, a particular program is targeted viewed to the end, but keep the audience even at the next show on the channel ( "lead - in " effect ). Conversely, waiting for the audience when the power is turned on early to the start of a program, but end up in the ongoing program that they follow to the end ( "lead -out " effect). The evening news is accordingly "lead in " for the following programs in prime time on RTL soap opera Good Times, Bad Times. Now, if the program planner position a less spectator -oriented broadcast between two attractive item, they can participate from both effects and may represent more viewers as they would have otherwise.

The phenomenon of audience flow is very different between commercial television and public broadcasters. In the latter, the program order for optimal use of audience -flow effect is a hindrance.