Fluorosulfuric acid
- Fluorine sulfuric acid
- Sulfuric acid fluoride
- Sulfuric acid mono- fluoride
Colorless, pungent -smelling fluid
Liquid
1.74 g · cm -3 ( 15 ° C)
-87.3 ° C
162.6 ° C
15 hPa ( 20 ° C)
Decomposition in water
Risk
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Fluorosulphonic is a colorless liquid and one of the strongest commercially available acids. It is also known under the name of fluorosulfuric acid. The molecule is better described with the formula HOSO2F, because it expresses the connection to sulfuric acid ( H2SO4) in more detail. FSO3H is a tetrahedral molecule.
Production and representation
Fluorosulfonic acid is prepared by the reaction of hydrogen fluoride and sulfur trioxide or chlorosulfonic acid:
Alternatively, KHF2 or CaF2 can be treated at 250 ° C with disulphuric. Once freed from hydrofluoric acid by washing with an inert gas HSO3F can be distilled in a glass vessel.
The production by the reaction of potassium hydrogen with sulfuric acid and sulfur trioxide is possible.
Chemical Properties
Fluorosulphonic is soluble in polar organic solvents (eg, nitro benzene, diethyl ether, acetic acid and ethyl acetate), but poorly soluble in nonpolar solvents such as alkanes. Due to its great strength it dissolves almost all organic compounds, which are also weak proton acceptors. FSO3H slowly hydrolyzes to hydrofluoric acid and sulfuric acid. It does not respond at Raumptemperatur with S, C, Se, Te, Pb, Ag, Cu, Zn, Fe, Cr, Mn, whereas it reacts with tin. With water it reacts explosively. It is thermally stable up to 900 ° C. You who like trifluoromethanesulfonic CF3SO3H is a similarly strong acid, but hydrolytically stable.
FSO3H is one of the strongest known simple Brønsted acids, although recent works have had on carborane acids stronger acids. She has an H0 value of -15, compared to -12 for sulfuric acid. Combining FSO3H and the Lewis acid of antimony (V ) fluoride gives "magic acid", which is a stronger acid. These acids are known as " superacids " refers to ( acids that are stronger than 100% sulfuric acid ).
Use
Fluorosulfonic acid is used for the chemical synthesis of fluorinated compounds, employed in the glass industry as a catalyst for chemical synthesis. You isomerized alkanes and catalyze the alkylation of hydrocarbons with alkenes. They can also be used as the fluorinating agent and a mixture of antimony pentafluoride as a particularly strong protonating (magic acid).
Safety
Fluorosulphonic is very corrosive and strongly intervenes in the presence of moisture or water glass and other siliceous materials and most metals. You hydrolyzed with release of hydrofluoric acid. The addition of water to HSO3F is hazardous, but the addition of water to concentrated sulfuric acid.