Flupentixol

• (E, Z ) -4 - [ 3 - (2 -trifluoromethyl -9- thioxanthenyliden ) propyl] -1 - piperazinethanol ( Mixture of isomers )
• Cis-trans -4 - [ 3 - (2 -trifluoromethyl -9- thioxanthenyliden ) propyl] -1 - piperazinethyldecanoat ( Mixture of isomers )
• Flupenthixol

• 2709-56-0 ( flupentixol )
• 2413-38-9 ( flupentixol dihydrochloride · )
• 30909-51-4 ( flupentixol decanoate · )
• 51529-01-2 (cis- (Z)- flupentixol · dihydrochloride)

N05AF01

White solid

Neuroleptic

• 434.52 g · mol -1 ( flupentixol )
• 507.44 g · mol -1 ( flupentixol dihydrochloride · )

Attention

150 mg · kg -1 ( LD50, mouse, ip)

Template: Infobox chemical / molecular formula search available

Flupentixol is a drug which is used as a psychotropic drug. Flupentixol was patented as Neuroleptic by Smith Kline & French in 1963 and is available in Europe under the trade name Fluanxol ®, also known as intramuscular depot form and in the form of numerous generics.

Pharmacology

Flupentixol has the characteristic of a conventional ( typical ) antipsychotic from the thioxanthene series with antipsychotic effect. It is a highly potent neuroleptic ( Chlorpromazinindex about 50 ). It blocks approximately the same affinity as an antagonist of the dopamine D1 and D2 dopamine receptors. Moreover, it blocks serotonin 5 -HT2A receptors, and the minor α1 -adrenoceptors, and histamine H1 receptors. Anticholinergic effects are negligible in the usual dosage. Flupentixol also acts as FIASMA ( functional inhibitors of acid sphingomyelinase ). Thioxanthenes such as all is well flupentixol as a mixture of two isomeric forms: the effective antipsychotic (Z ) - ( cis) - and the less active (S) - (trans ) isomer.

Application

Flupentixol is used for acute and chronic schizophrenia patients with motor quiet; in psychotic disorders associated with autism, negativism, apathy and lowered mood. In psychotic states, especially in resistant cases; in paraphrenia; case of organic psychosis. Flupentixol has a so-called biphasic effect: In low doses it blocks especially the presynaptic dopamine receptors (called autoreceptors ) and thereby increases the dopamine turnover ( release of dopamine), making an improvement in the so-called negative symptoms of schizophrenia, such as social withdrawal, affective flattening, but also depressive and anxious symptoms and some symptoms of personality disorders is achieved. In higher doses or as a depot injection (see below) it blocks postsynaptic dopamine receptors priority, which the real neuroleptic action is concluded. In any application or dosage, physicians should potential extrapyramidal disorders that may be caused by the neuroleptic, consider.

Flupentixol is available in oral pharmaceutical forms such as tablets and drops to the resource and as a depot injection. In the depot injection is an ester of the neuroleptic lies with the fatty acid decanoic acid ( Flupentixoldecanoat ) in oily solution for intramuscular injection before; of this preparation, the individual doses are only a deep injected every two to four weeks into a muscle. The oily depot is slowly broken down by the body and thereby the flupentixol is enzymatically released. In oral galenic a mixture of isomers ( cis, trans) occurs during the release preparation of practically pure (Z ) - ( cis) - isomer exists.

In Switzerland and Austria flupentixol is available along with the tricyclic antidepressant Melitracen as a combination product under the name Deanxit ®. In Germany, this drug is no longer commercially available.

Side effects

Very common side effects (affects more than 1 user in 10 ) are akathisia ( seat restlessness ), look convulsion, dyskinesia ( disorder of a cycle ), Frühdyskinese, hypokinesia ( poverty of movement ), hypotension ( low blood pressure ), fatigue, parkinsonism, rigidity ( muscle stiffness ), torticollis, salivation, tachycardia ( rapid heartbeat ), and tremor ( shaking), feeling of falling down when stopped from movement.

By the serum osmolarity inappropriately high release of antidiuretic hormone can lead flupentixol ( along with other drugs as well) to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion ( SIADH ), where there is an increased reabsorption of free water by the kidney, which is a waste, especially of sodium in the blood is expressed.

Isomerism

Flupentixol is an alkene with an asymmetrically substituted double bond. Consequently, there are two isomeric forms, the (Z )-isomer (cis- isomer) and (E)- isomer (trans- isomer). The two isomers have different chemical, physical and pharmacological properties. The (Z ) isomer is pharmacologically more active than the (E )-isomer.