Folke Bergman
Amanuens Folke Bergman (* 1902, † 1946) was a Swedish archaeologist who participated in the run by Sven Hedin Chinese- Swedish expedition, during which he 1934 the lake Lop Nor and the surrounding Lop Nor desert explored. In this desert he found at the Little River (Chinese: Xiaohe ), among other graves the Early Bronze Age Necropolis Cemetery 5 ( = Ördeks necropolis ), which was later called by Chinese archaeologists Xiaohe.
Life and effect
A long-term effect of his excavations in Ördeks necropolis was created by his publication 7 in the Report: Archaeological Researches in Sinkiang. Especially the Lop Nor region. When was this band after decades translated into the Chinese language, Chinese archaeologists led end of the 20th century in the Lop Nor desert numerous excavations to the localities through which were discovered during the Sino- Swedish expedition and documented by Folke Bergman. During the excavations, they uncovered Bronze Age and Iron Age burial sites, in their coffins lay up to 4000 year old mummies. Here, the assumption by Folke Bergman confirmed that the eastern Tarim Basin about 4,000 years ago by Caucasians (English: Caucasian race ) had been colonized, the later Tocharians, their ancestral Indo-European ancestors from Europe.
The excavation was completed in 2004 on Folke Bergman's Early Bronze Age Necropolis Cemetery 5 ( = Ördeks necropolis ) on Narrow River ( = Small River Xiaohe = Qum - kul ) was one of China's top ten archaeological discoveries of 2004.
As ever in the Lop Nor desert illegal excavations are carried out, which can not be prevented, the Chinese government established here from 2006 one of the focal points of its archaeological research to excavate those described by Folke Bergman on 80 sites, secure and documented. This is a success of the subsequent research by Folke Bergman.
The expedition members had made a point to find the ruins of signal towers to reconstruct the original term of the Silk Road. As in China around 1980 awakened interest in the Great Wall of China, the Chinese scientists were reading to her astonishment in the reports that the course of the Great Wall had been 50 years previously explored by the Chinese- Swedish expedition and that the Berlin Wall used to had reached western border of Xinjiang.
Folke Bergman laid in 1930 in the valley of the Ruoshui River at Edsen -gol more than 120 residential places of the Neolithic 17,000 commodities freely and discovered in the hanzeitlichen alarm fire tower site ( HanDai fengsui Yizhi汉代 烽燧 遗址) over 10,000 antique described hanzeitliche wooden tablets of Juyan with early Chinese manuscripts from the Han Dynasty. It involves garrison documents from the under management of Zhangye Prefecture commandaturas Juyan and Jianshui. The majority belongs to the late Western Han period to the beginning of the Eastern Han Dynasty. They are dated to the period BC 102 to AD 95 and count in China to the great archaeological discoveries of the 20th century. These wooden plaques are important materials for the study of the history of the Han period. They were published in 1980 by the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences under the title " Hanzeitliche wooden tablets texts from Juyan, first and second part ." With renewed excavations in the years 1972-1976 more than 20,000 other wooden tablets were discovered at the site in addition. Meanwhile, the excavation sites are under monument protection. You are since 1988 on the list of monuments of the People's Republic of China ( 3-209 ).