Fort Frederica National Monument
Fort Frederica is a fort and a settlement from the British colonial period in North America. It is located on the island of St. Simons Iceland in Glynn County, Georgia. The fort was built in 1736 in the marshes of the estuary of the Altamaha River on a called after the settlement of Frederica River tributary to control vessel traffic in front of the coast and the border between the British colonies (particularly the newly founded colony of Georgia ) and the Spanish Florida. protecting On May 26, 1936, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the dedication of the fort as a memorial of the type of National Monuments. To implement this decision, however, came only on September 10, 1945.
History
In the early 18th century, the modern state of Georgia was as the land between the British colony of South Carolina and the dominated by the Spanish in Florida permanent bone of contention of a centuries -old quarrel between Spaniards and Britons. In 1736 built General James Oglethorpe the founder of the colony of Georgia at the Frederica River with the help of English, Scottish, German, and Swiss colonists City and Fort Frederica, which also Muskogee Indians, sometimes referred to as the Creek Indians, who from the tribe Yamacraw settled. Named after the settlement was Friedrich Ludwig of Hanover (1707 - 1751), as Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales. However, to avoid confusion with Fort Frederick in South Carolina, was chosen the female form of the name. The complex was completely surrounded by a palisade, rampart, trench, and a glacis. The small brick fort was as citadel within the ramparts and was right on the river bank.
In 1740 Oglethorpe moved from Frederica to Florida and besieged in vain located at the present-day St. Augustine Spanish fort Castillo de San Marcos and Fort Matanzas.
1742 attacked Spanish troops from Cuba to Florida and the St. Simons Island. By led by Oglethorpe defensive measures it first came to the battle Battle of Bloody Marsh, as part of the fighting also called War of Jenkins Ear. Here attacked parts of the 42nd Infantry Regiment and the Regiment of Highlanders under Lieutenant Patrick Sutherland Dariene a Spanish exploration department in which only ( for Spanish data) Fallen seven were lost. First, the Spaniards continued their campaign to conquer the island, but succeeded Oglethorpe again and again, they outmaneuver, so that the Spaniards finally gave up and retreated to Florida. The fact that the British had finally gained the upper hand, to consolidate its position in this part of the country. Georgia therefore remained under British rule.
After the Spanish danger had been averted and a peace treaty between the two parties concluded in 1748 was also the end for Fort Frederica. The stationed here -been Infantry Regiment 42nd Regiment of Foot was disbanded, the inhabitants left the inhospitable by the constant mosquitoes site. Some of them returned to Europe. The fort fell into disrepair.
Current situation
The site of Fort Frederica was declared on 26 May 1936 National Monument. In 1947, the National Park Service and the Ft began. Frederica Association with archaeological excavations at the site of the former settlement. With the help of maps from the 18th century and other related records from the period as a guide, began to expose the plant. On October 15, 1966, was added to the National Register of Historic Places ( National Register of Historic Places ). Fort Frederica is open to the public, there is a visitor center with an exhibition on colonial and native Yamacraw Indians. Several times a month there are living history demonstrations in period costumes. Parts of the fixture are reconstructed in their archaeological determined dimensions to give visitors a taste of the plant.