Found object
A found object (French for, found object ') is a work of art, or a part of an artwork that was made from found everyday objects or waste. Ready -mades are called it, when the artist has made to the object encountered little or no edits, he has the object that is only found and presented.
Origin and Objects
The result is the objet trouvé within the Dada movement as a sculptural extension of collage ( Kurt Schwitters, Merz buildings ). The abuse and purposeless combination of trivial objects and materials in new contexts of meaning and the collection of the work of art was playful, anarchic and provocative moves.
In surrealism, the objet trouvé got a rather fetish -like character. Lautréamont (meaning a young man ) in 1874 formulated a metaphor from the Songs of Maldoror " Beautiful as the encounter of a sewing machine and an umbrella on a dissecting table " was not only the " slogan" of surrealism, but also a literary anticipation of the objet trouvé in this surreal form. The best known example of surrealist Meret Oppenheim found object should be Breakfast in Fur (1936 ), a cup along with saucer and spoon, all covered with fur.
Radical and earlier than Dadaist and Surrealist realized the Frenchman Marcel Duchamp, the concept of the objet trouvé in his ready -mades such as Bicycle Wheel (1913 ), Bottle Rack ( 1914) and Fountain ( 1917). While bicycle wheel still consists of a combination of wheel, bicycle front fork and wooden stools, a manufactured wire rack for drying bottles and a urinal be unceremoniously placed on a base and declared the art in the other two.
In this tradition, also Picasso's Bull Skull (1943 ), the bronze cast of a bicycle saddle is available as a skull with a racing wheel for the horns.
With the Multiple I know of no Weekend (1971-1972) Joseph Beuys reflected on the Duchamp Boîtes -en- valises, the portable Artists Museums with reproductions and small objects. In one case, a ready-made, which is used to transport artist graphics, Beuys mounted on the inside of the lid other readymades, a Maggi bottle and a copy of the Reclam edition of Immanuel Kant's " Critique of Pure Reason ", stamped with BEUYS: I do not know a Weekend. In the bottom of the case are - covered and not visible - graphics by KP Brehmer, Karl Horst Hödicke, Peter Hutchinson, Arthur Køpcke, Sigmar Polke and Wolf Vostell.
Objet trouvé and ready-made have retained to this day great influence - " found object " for example, is at Pop Art and Land Art is an essential element.
Transverse to the styles of the term has for art, which consist mainly of found materials, established object art.
Ready -mades by Marcel Duchamp
In line with Duchamp's own classifications distinguishes the curator Francis M. Naumann in the glossary of his book Marcel Duchamp - The Art of Making Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction 1999 a total of six types of ready-mades: "assisted readymade, imitated rectified readymade, printed readymade readymade (or ready-made ), rectified readymade, semi- readymade ":
- Assisted readymade ( " assisted readymade" ), an everyday object, which combines with another object, ie this is "supported". Example: Bicycle Wheel of 1913.
- Imitated rectified readymade ( " imitation, improved ready-made " ), the reproduction of a Rectified readymade.
- Printed readymade ( " printed readymade" ) is poetic and literary style, So the found, and the printed word made by Duchamp in mind changes, word games or corruptions of the term. Example: French Window in Fresh Widow.
- Readymade (or ready-made ), the ready -made "in itself", as unchanged, Adapted object, such as the urinal Fountain, 1917.
- Rectified readymade ( " improved ready-made "), a work of art or a reproduction of a work of art, which Duchamp or the " following " artists (eg with a pen or a brush ) has been improved. Examples: Apolinère Enameled, a repainted enamel sign of 1916-1917 or LHOOQ, a scribbled a mustache and goatee, " improved " reproduction of the Mona Lisa in 1919.
- Semi- readymade (" semi -ready -made" ), if the object was already part of another consumer item. As an example, Duchamp steel comb Peigne was called from 1916, the two punched holes identify him as part of another utility object ( handle or similar).
Furthermore, there is the reciprocal readymade, ( " reciprocal, mutually effective ready-made " ), as something unclear formulated by Duchamp basic idea of all ready-mades "the idea of the interaction between art and everyday life ," which he to 1911-1915 on sheets of music paper mounted: " Reciprocal readymade: use a Rembrandt as to ironing board. " ( German: " Reciprocal readymade: . You use a Rembrandt as an ironing board " ) Duchamp published the notes in 1934 in the Green Box ( the Bride Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors, Even ).