Fragaria iturupensis
Fragaria iturupensis
Fragaria iturupensis is a wild species of the genus strawberries (Fragaria ). It is only to be found on a mountainside a Kurileninsel. The species was first described in 1973 and has through its Oktoploidie an unusual feature for a non-American type on.
Description
Fragaria iturupensis grows in a loose rosette. It reproduces vegetatively by sympodially foothills, but which remain unbranched in the axils of bracts first. The foothills are hairy fitting at the top and strongly colored red.
It has approximately oval to wedge-shaped, dull blue -green colored leaves that are serrated only halfway. The upper leaf surface is largely smooth and only occasionally occupied with long hair, as well as the Vein of the leaf. The petioles are densely hairy and slightly reddish tinge.
The inflorescences are densely hairy upstanding and about ascending - fitting in the lower part, stand during flowering not go beyond the rosette, but managed to extend something. The two to four flowers are on hairy stalks. The chalice after flowering horizontally to repulsed, to maturity it is completely repulsed. The hermaphrodite flowers have a diameter of 16 to 20 millimeters, and consist of five white, upside - ovate to rounded petals that do not overlap each other.
The forming from the base of the flower fleshy appearance when ripe fruits are round to flattened round with a diameter of about 1.4 centimeters. You are outside light to dark red and shiny with juicy, pale red flesh, the nutlets are completely out.
Cytology
Fragaria iturupensis usually has 2n = 8x = 56 chromosomes; so it is the only occurring outside the Americas octoploid strawberry wild species. In addition to this form also dekaploide octoploid genotypes exist with 2n = 10x = 70 chromosomes.
The species has a high potential with respect to the cross-breeding with the culture also octoploid strawberries (garden strawberry, Fragaria × ananassa ).
Dissemination
The species is highly endemic, the only known occurrences are found on the Kuril island Iturup at an altitude of 600 meters on the eastern slopes of the volcano Atsonupuri. The soils there are stony - sandy.
Botanical history and systematics
First collections of the species were left in 1968 the German botanist Günter Staudt, who erstbeschrieb 1973, the epithet refers to the type - locality. Staudt drew a relationship with the American octoploid species of the genus, although considered, but could still need for further research. In a molecular genetic study of 2000 could not be considered the type, since no untersuchbares material was present. Only in 2003 was an American team will find the stocks.
Evidence
- Günter Staudt: Fragaria iturupensis, a new Erdbeerart from East Asia. In: Willdenowia, Volume 7, Issue 1, 1973, p 101-104
- K. E. Hummer, A. Sabitov, T. Davis: Iturup And Sakhalin Iceland Strawberries. In: HortScience 40 (4): 1127, 2005 Abstract.